Secretary Bird

The secretary bird (*Sagittarius serpentarius*) is a large terrestrial bird of prey native to sub-Saharan Africa.

The secretary bird (Sagittarius serpentarius) is a large terrestrial bird of prey native to sub-Saharan Africa. It is known for its long legs, crane-like stance, and ground-hunting behaviour, especially its ability to prey on snakes. The species is the only living member of the family Sagittariidae and is currently listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN.

Taxonomy

The secretary bird is scientifically named Sagittarius serpentarius and is the sole living member of the family Sagittariidae. It belongs to the order Accipitriformes, which includes other birds of prey. As the only extant species in its family, it is taxonomically distinct.

Description and behaviour

The secretary bird is a large bird of prey with an average length of about 110 to 130 cm. It is long-legged and mostly terrestrial, spending much of its time on the ground rather than in flight. It walks extensively while hunting and flies mainly when necessary, such as for nesting or display. Its long legs and black crest of feathers make it one of Africa’s most distinctive birds.

Habitat and range

The secretary bird is native to sub-Saharan Africa and occurs in open habitats such as savannas, grasslands, and shrublands. Its range extends across many sub-Saharan countries.

Diet and hunting

The secretary bird is a carnivore that feeds on snakes, insects, and small vertebrates. Its ground-hunting style and powerful legs are key adaptations for capturing prey. It is particularly known for its ability to hunt snakes.

Conservation

The secretary bird is listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN. Major threats include habitat loss and human encroachment. It is protected in many African countries.