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South Dakota

South Dakota is a U.S.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 27, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

South Dakota is a U.S. state in the north-central United States. It became the 40th state in 1889, and its capital is Pierre; its largest city is Sioux Falls. The state is known for the Black Hills, Mount Rushmore, the Badlands, and a largely agricultural economy.

Geography

South Dakota lies in the north-central United States and borders six states. Its geography includes prairie, the Great Plains, the Black Hills, and the Missouri River valley, with climate ranging from more humid in the east to semi-arid in the west.

History

The area was explored by the French in the 18th century and became part of the United States through the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. After the Dakota Territory was established in 1861, South Dakota entered the Union in 1889 as the 40th state.

Government and population

Pierre is the state capital and Sioux Falls is the largest city. South Dakota had a population of 886,667 in the 2020 census and remains among the least densely populated U.S. states.

Economy

The economy is anchored by agriculture, with significant cattle, hog, and grain production. Tourism also plays a major role because of nationally known natural landmarks and memorial sites.

Key facts

  • South Dakota is the 17th-largest U.S. state by area and one of the least populous states.
  • The Missouri River divides the state into eastern and western regions.
  • The state includes the Black Hills, the Badlands, and parts of the geographic center of the United States.
  • Agriculture is a major part of the economy, especially cattle, hogs, and grain production.
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Canadian context

South Dakota is relevant to Canadian readers through cross-border Prairie geography, tourism, and trade links in the north-central Great Plains region of North America.

Frequently asked questions

What is South Dakota?
South Dakota is a state in the United States, located in the north-central part of the country.
When did South Dakota become a state?
South Dakota became a state on November 2, 1889.
What is the capital of South Dakota?
The capital is Pierre.
What is the largest city in South Dakota?
The largest city is Sioux Falls.
What are South Dakota’s best-known landmarks?
Well-known landmarks include Mount Rushmore, the Badlands, Wind Cave National Park, and Jewel Cave National Monument.

References

  1. Encyclopaedia Britannica — https://www.britannica.com/place/South-Dakota
    Supports: Statehood date, borders, geography, population, economy, and major attractions
  2. Wikipedia — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Dakota
    Supports: Capital, largest city, area ranking, climate, and general state facts
  3. Travel South Dakota — https://www.travelsouthdakota.com/trip-ideas/south-dakota-facts
    Supports: State population estimate, capital, area, largest city, state symbols, and nickname
  4. South Dakota Public Broadcasting — https://www.sdpb.org/2022-11-02/10-facts-about-south-dakota-on-its-birthday
    Supports: Statehood anniversary, 2020 census population, capital, and state symbols
  5. U.S. Census Bureau — https://www.census.gov/newsroom/stories/south-dakota-statehood-anniversary.html
    Supports: Statehood anniversary and admission to the Union