Stag beetle

Stag beetle is the common name for beetles in the family Lucanidae, named for the enlarged male jaws that resemble stag antlers.

Stag beetle is the common name for beetles in the family Lucanidae, named for the enlarged male jaws that resemble stag antlers. The best-known European species is Lucanus cervus, the European stag beetle. Stag beetles are associated with dead wood habitats, and their larvae develop in decaying wood for several years before adults emerge. In Canada, stag beetles are part of this family and may be encountered locally.

Classification and name

Stag beetles belong to the family Lucanidae. The common name refers to the male's antler-like jaws, which are the group's most distinctive feature.

Life cycle and behaviour

Larvae develop in decaying wood for several years, while adults live for a much shorter time and emerge mainly to mate. Males may use their enlarged mandibles in contests with other males. Stag beetles are harmless to humans and do not damage living wood or timber.

Habitat and distribution

Stag beetles are associated with woodland and other places that contain dead wood, including parks, gardens, hedgerows, and traditional orchards. The family occurs widely across the world, while Lucanus cervus is native to parts of Europe.

Conservation and human interaction

Some stag beetle populations are threatened by habitat loss and reduction of dead wood. In the UK, Lucanus cervus is a protected species and is considered a priority conservation species.