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Tapioca

Tapioca is a starch extracted from the root of the cassava plant, a tropical root crop native to South America.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 27, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Tapioca is a starch extracted from the root of the cassava plant, a tropical root crop native to South America. It is used in food products such as pearls, flour, flakes, and starch for puddings, thickening, and some baked goods. Tapioca is naturally gluten-free, but it is low in protein, fibre, and most micronutrients. In Canada, tapioca is commonly found in grocery stores and restaurants, particularly in puddings, gluten-free baking, and bubble tea shops.

Definition and origin

Tapioca is a starch extracted from cassava roots. Cassava is a tropical plant native to South America, and tapioca is the purified starch obtained from its root. It is not derived from a separate tapioca plant.

Forms and culinary use

Tapioca is sold as pearls, flour, starch, flakes, and other processed forms. It is commonly used as a thickener and in puddings, and tapioca pearls are widely used in beverages such as bubble tea. In Canada, it is also used in gluten-free baking.

Nutrition and dietary properties

Tapioca is mostly carbohydrate and contains very little protein, fibre, fat, or other nutrients. It is naturally gluten-free, but its nutritional value is limited compared with more nutrient-dense foods. It can provide energy but is not especially nutrient-dense.

Relation to cassava

Cassava is the root crop from which tapioca is made. Tapioca is the extracted starch, while cassava flour is made by grinding more of the whole root, so the two products are not the same. Cassava is also called yuca, manioc, or manioc root in some contexts.

Key facts

  • Tapioca is made from cassava root starch, not from a separate tapioca plant.
  • It is naturally gluten-free because it comes from cassava rather than wheat or other grains.
  • Tapioca pearls are used in puddings and drinks, including bubble tea.
  • Tapioca is primarily a source of carbohydrate and provides little protein, fibre, or fat.
  • Cassava flour and tapioca starch are different products: cassava flour uses the whole root, while tapioca is extracted starch.
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Canadian context

Tapioca is common in Canadian grocery stores and restaurants, especially in puddings, gluten-free baking, and bubble tea shops.

Frequently asked questions

What is tapioca made from?
Tapioca is made from the starch extracted from cassava root.
Is tapioca gluten-free?
Yes. Tapioca is naturally gluten-free because it comes from cassava, not wheat or other gluten-containing grains.
How do you cook tapioca pearls?
Tapioca pearls are typically boiled in water until they become soft and translucent, then rinsed and used in desserts or drinks.
What is tapioca used for?
It is used as a thickener, in puddings, in baking, and in drinks such as bubble tea.
Is tapioca healthy?
Tapioca is safe to eat and can provide energy, but it is low in protein, fibre, and most vitamins and minerals, so it is not especially nutrient-dense.
What is the difference between tapioca and cassava?
Cassava is the plant and root crop; tapioca is the starch extracted from that root. Cassava flour, by contrast, is made from the whole root.

References

  1. WebMDhttps://www.webmd.com/diet/tapioca-health-benefits-nutrition-uses
    Supports: Tapioca is starch obtained from cassava root; it is naturally gluten-free; it is low in fat, cholesterol, and sodium.
  2. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapioca
    Supports: Tapioca is a starch extracted from cassava tubers; cassava is native to Brazil and now grown in other tropical regions.
  3. Food52https://food52.com/story/16109-what-is-tapioca-anyway
    Supports: Tapioca is made from cassava root starch; tapioca/cassava/manioc flour naming distinction; forms include flakes, sticks, and pearls.
  4. Ingredionhttps://www.ingredion.com/na/en-us/ingredients/ingredient-types/tapioca
    Supports: Tapioca is derived from cassava root and is a starch; there is no tapioca plant.
  5. Encyclopaedia Britannica Kidshttps://kids.britannica.com/students/article/tapioca/277269
    Supports: Pearly white grains used in tapioca pudding and soups come from cassava roots.
  6. Healthlinehttps://www.healthline.com/nutrition/tapioca
    Supports: Tapioca is a starch extracted from cassava root and is almost pure carbohydrate with very little protein, fibre, or other nutrients.
  7. Allrecipeshttps://www.allrecipes.com/article/what-is-tapioca/
    Supports: Tapioca is made from cassava and is gluten-free; cassava flour and tapioca flour are distinct products.