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Three Gorges Dam

The Three Gorges Dam is a hydroelectric gravity dam on the Yangtze River in Hubei province, China, just west of Yichang.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

The Three Gorges Dam is a hydroelectric gravity dam on the Yangtze River in Hubei province, China, just west of Yichang. It is one of the world’s largest hydroelectric power stations and was built for flood control, electricity generation, and improved navigation. The project was completed in stages, with the dam body finished in 2006 and the power plant becoming fully operational in 2012.

Location and design

The Three Gorges Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Yangtze River in Hubei province, located just west of Yichang. It sits in the Three Gorges area, named for the Qutang, Wu, and Xiling gorges.

Construction and completion

Work on the project began in 1994. The reservoir started filling in 2003, the dam body was completed in 2006, and the project became fully operational in 2012.

Purpose and capacity

The dam was built to control floods, generate hydroelectric power, and support navigation on the Yangtze River. Reuters reported a planned capacity of 18,200 MW at 26 turbines, while later sources describe the installed capacity as 22,500 MW.

Impacts and controversy

The project displaced large numbers of residents and submerged land and cultural sites, and it has remained controversial because of environmental and social effects. Sources also describe it as one of the most ambitious engineering projects in China.

Key facts

  • The Three Gorges Dam is a hydroelectric gravity dam on the Yangtze River in Hubei province, China.
  • Construction began in 1994, the dam body was completed in 2006, and full operation was reached in 2012.
  • Its installed generating capacity is about 22,500 MW, making it among the world’s largest hydropower facilities.
  • The project was designed for flood control, electricity generation, and improved navigation.
  • It has been controversial due to displacement of residents, submerged land and cultural sites, and environmental impacts.
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Canadian context

Canadian readers may encounter the Three Gorges Dam in discussions of global engineering, hydroelectricity, climate policy, and large-scale infrastructure impacts, especially in comparisons with Canadian dams and river management projects.

Frequently asked questions

Where is the Three Gorges Dam located?
It is on the Yangtze River in Hubei province, China, just west of Yichang.
What is the dam used for?
Its main purposes are flood control, hydroelectric power generation, and improving navigation on the Yangtze River.
When was it built?
Construction began in 1994, the reservoir began filling in 2003, the dam body was completed in 2006, and full operation was reached in 2012.
How large is its power output?
Its installed capacity is widely given as 22,500 MW, making it one of the world’s largest hydropower installations.
Why is it controversial?
It has been criticised for displacement, flooding of settlements and archaeological sites, and environmental impacts.

References

  1. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/topic/Three-Gorges-Dam
    Supports: Location and basic description as a dam on the Yangtze River in Hubei province
  2. Reutershttps://www.reuters.com/article/economy/factbox-facts-about-chinas-three-gorges-dam-idUSPEK117552/
    Supports: Construction start, dimensions, purpose, and stated generating capacity
  3. TravelChinaGuidehttps://www.travelchinaguide.com/river/three-gorges-dam-facts.htm
    Supports: Length, height, and project investment figures
  4. U.S. Geological Survey EROShttps://eros.usgs.gov/earthshots/three-gorges-dam-china
    Supports: Construction timeline, reservoir filling, installed capacity, and naming of the three gorges
  5. EBSCO Research Startershttps://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/engineering/three-gorges-dam-china
    Supports: Construction timeline and installed capacity
  6. Association for Asian Studieshttps://www.asianstudies.org/publications/eaa/archives/the-three-gorges-dam-energy-the-environment-and-the-new-emporers/
    Supports: Reservoir length, displacement, and cultural/environmental impacts