Wolf spider

Wolf spiders are ground-hunting spiders in the family Lycosidae, known for actively chasing prey rather than building capture webs.

Wolf spiders are ground-hunting spiders in the family Lycosidae, known for actively chasing prey rather than building capture webs. The group includes more than 2,300 species found on every continent except Antarctica, and many species are common in grasslands, gardens, and other open habitats. Their bites are generally not medically significant to humans, and in Canada they are found across the country and are considered beneficial because they prey on insect pests.

Classification and naming

Wolf spiders belong to the family Lycosidae within the order Araneae. The common name refers to their wolf-like predatory behaviour, especially their habit of stalking and chasing prey.

Physical characteristics

Wolf spiders are typically hairy, fast-moving spiders that vary greatly in size and colour. Many species have prominent eyes and are adapted for active hunting on the ground. They are known for their strong eyesight.

Habitat and distribution

The family has a broad global distribution and occurs on every continent except Antarctica. Species live in many habitats, including grasslands, gardens, fields, forests, and tundra. In Canada, they are found in gardens, fields, forests, and northern habitats.

Behaviour and diet

Wolf spiders are nocturnal or daytime hunters depending on species, and they feed mainly on insects and other small invertebrates. Unlike many spiders, they generally do not rely on webs to trap prey. Most species do not spin webs to catch food.

Relationship with humans

Wolf spiders can bite if handled or trapped, but their bites are usually not medically significant. They are often considered beneficial because they help reduce pest insect populations. In Canada, they are commonly encountered outdoors and are generally considered beneficial.