The Canadian Encyclopedia — neutral, cited, updated
July 26, 2026Sources cited
Canadianwire.
Canada’s encyclopedia & explainer
HomeCulture & LifestyleWeaponsZweihänder
Culture & Lifestyle • Weapons

Zweihänder

A Zweihänder is a large European two-handed sword, most closely associated with Renaissance Germany and the 16th century.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

The Zweihänder is a large European two-handed sword, most closely associated with Renaissance Germany and the 16th century. The term is German for “two-hander” and is also used for related forms such as Doppelhänder and Beidhänder. It is especially linked to German Landsknecht mercenaries and the military traditions of the Holy Roman Empire.

Description

The Zweihänder is a long, heavy two-handed sword. It is generally classified as a type of greatsword or longsword used for powerful cuts and thrusts.

Historical use

The weapon is most closely connected to 16th-century German military forces, especially Landsknecht mercenaries serving in the Holy Roman Empire. It is commonly described as a battlefield weapon from the Renaissance period.

Terminology

Zweihänder literally means “two-hander” in German. Related names include Doppelhänder, Beidhänder, Bihänder, and Bidenhänder, all referring to the same general weapon type.

Form and features

Descriptions of the weapon often mention a long blade, a large grip suitable for two hands, and, in some examples, features such as parrying hooks or a ricasso. Size and weight varied by example.

Key facts

  • The Zweihänder is a large sword designed to be wielded with both hands.
  • It is most strongly associated with 16th-century German warfare and Renaissance Europe.
  • German sources and dictionaries define it simply as a sword used with both hands.
  • Historical and reference sources link it to Landsknecht mercenaries in the Holy Roman Empire.
  • The term is also used more broadly for other large two-handed swords in German.

Frequently asked questions

What is a Zweihänder?
A Zweihänder is a large European sword designed to be used with both hands, most associated with Renaissance Germany.
What does the word mean?
It is German for “two-hander.”
When was it mainly used?
It was used primarily during the 16th century, especially in Renaissance warfare.
Who used Zweihänders?
They are especially linked to German Landsknecht mercenaries in the Holy Roman Empire.
Is Zweihänder the same as a greatsword?
It is generally treated as a type of greatsword or large two-handed sword.
Were there other names for it?
Yes. Common related names include Doppelhänder, Beidhänder, Bihänder, and Bidenhänder.

References

  1. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweih%C3%A4nder
    Supports: Defines Zweihänder as a large two-handed sword used primarily during the 16th century and lists alternate names.
  2. Wiktionaryhttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Zweih%C3%A4nder
    Supports: Defines Zweihänder as a historical two-handed sword of Renaissance Germany and notes its German meaning.
  3. DWDShttps://www.dwds.de/wb/Zweih%C3%A4nder
    Supports: Gives the meaning as a sword that is held with both hands.
  4. Discovery UKhttps://www.discoveryuk.com/military-history/giant-among-swords-the-formidable-zweihander/
    Supports: Describes the weapon as a 16th-century German greatsword associated with Landsknechte and notes its approximate size and battlefield role.