American black bear

The American black bear (*Ursus americanus*) is a bear species native to North America and the most widely distributed bear on the continent.

The American black bear (Ursus americanus) is a bear species native to North America and the most widely distributed bear on the continent. Despite its name, individuals may be black, brown, cinnamon, blue-grey, or rarely white. It is an omnivore that lives in a wide range of habitats, especially forests. In Canada, black bears are widespread and are one of the most familiar large wild mammals, particularly in forested regions and near rural communities.

Description

The American black bear is a medium-to-large bear with variable coat colour, rounded ears, a straight facial profile, and non-retractable claws. It is the smallest North American bear species in common usage, though size varies considerably between males and females. Adults are commonly about 1.5–1.8 m long and weigh roughly 90–272 kg, though size varies by sex, age, and season.

Diet

Black bears are opportunistic omnivores. Their diet is mostly plant-based, including grasses, fruits, berries, nuts, roots, and other vegetation, but they also eat insects, carrion, fish, and small mammals when available.

Habitat and range

American black bears occur across much of North America, including Canada, the United States, and parts of Mexico. They are strongly associated with forested habitats but can also use mountains, swamps, beaches, and other environments.

Behaviour and human interaction

Black bears usually avoid people, but they may become risky when attracted to human food, garbage, or other rewards. Conflicts often arise where bears lose their natural fear of humans or are provoked.

Comparison with brown bears

Black bears and brown bears can overlap in size and colour, but black bears are generally smaller, lack the prominent shoulder hump typical of grizzly bears, and have a straighter facial profile and shorter claws.