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Science & Nature • Mammals

Bear

Bears are large mammals in the family Ursidae.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Bears are large mammals in the family Ursidae. Most species are omnivores, with diets that vary by species and habitat; they live in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia, and the polar bear lives in Arctic regions.

Classification and species

Bears are members of the mammal family Ursidae. Living species include the brown bear, American black bear, polar bear, giant panda, sun bear, sloth bear, spectacled bear, and Asian black bear.

Diet

Most bears are opportunistic omnivores and eat a wide mix of plant and animal matter. Typical foods include berries, nuts, roots, grasses, insects, fish, carrion, and small mammals, though some species specialize more strongly in plants or meat.

Habitat and range

Bears occupy a broad range of environments, from Arctic sea ice and tundra to forests, mountains, and temperate regions. Their distribution covers much of North America, Europe, and Asia, with the spectacled bear native to South America.

Size and lifespan

Bear body mass ranges widely across species, from relatively small sun bears to very large polar bears. Lifespan also varies by species and conditions; brown bears commonly live around 15–25 years in the wild.

Key facts

  • Bears belong to the family Ursidae and are mammals in the order Carnivora.
  • Most bears are omnivores that eat both plant and animal foods.
  • Bears live in a wide range of habitats, including forests, tundra, mountains, and coastal areas.
  • Body size and weight vary greatly by species, sex, season, and food availability.
  • The polar bear is the largest living bear species.
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Canadian context

Bears are a major part of Canada’s wildlife, with species including black bears, grizzly bears (brown bears), and polar bears found across Canadian regions.

Frequently asked questions

What do bears eat?
Most bears are omnivores and eat a mix of plants and animals, including berries, grasses, roots, nuts, insects, fish, carrion, and small mammals.
How long do bears live?
Lifespan varies by species and environment. Brown bears commonly live about 15–25 years in the wild, while some bears can live longer in captivity.
What is the largest bear species?
The polar bear is the largest living bear species.
Are bears dangerous to humans?
Bears can be dangerous to humans, especially if surprised, threatened, or defending cubs or food. Risk varies by species, habitat, and human behaviour.
Where do bears live?
Bears live in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Arctic regions, in habitats such as forests, tundra, mountains, and coastal areas.
How much do bears weigh?
Bear weight varies greatly by species, sex, season, and food supply. Adult bears can weigh from under 100 kg to well over 600 kg, with polar bears among the heaviest.

References

  1. BearSmarthttps://bearsmart.org/about-bears/food-and-diet
    Supports: Bears are technically Carnivora but essentially omnivores; plant foods can make up most of the diet; fish and meat provide protein and fat.
  2. U.S. National Park Servicehttps://www.nps.gov/subjects/bears/brown-bears.htm
    Supports: Brown bears are omnivorous; weight range and average life span for brown bears.
  3. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Servicehttps://www.fws.gov/story/fat-bear-diet-plan
    Supports: Polar bears are the largest bears; coastal brown bears are very large but smaller than polar bears.
  4. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/animal/bear
    Supports: Bear family classification, number of living species, global distribution, and general characteristics.