Arctic fox

The Arctic fox is a small canid native to the Arctic tundra of the Northern Hemisphere.

The Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) is a small canid native to the Arctic tundra of the Northern Hemisphere. It is known for its thick fur, seasonal coat colour changes, and broad distribution across Arctic regions of North America, Europe, and Asia. The species is listed as Least Concern globally by the IUCN.

Taxonomy and naming

The Arctic fox is a canid in the family Canidae, with the scientific name Vulpes lagopus. It is also known by common names such as white fox, polar fox, and snow fox.

Physical characteristics

Arctic foxes are small foxes with a compact body, short ears, and a long bushy tail. Their thick fur provides insulation, and their coat often changes from white in winter to brown or grey in summer.

Distribution and habitat

The species is distributed around the Arctic Circle in tundra and coastal habitats, including sea ice in some areas. Its range includes northern North America, Greenland, Iceland, northern Europe, and northern Asia.

Diet and behaviour

Arctic foxes are opportunistic feeders that eat lemmings, other small animals, birds, eggs, fish, carrion, and food remains from larger predators. Their diet varies with season and local prey availability.

Conservation

The IUCN lists the Arctic fox as Least Concern globally. Some regional populations have experienced declines from habitat change, prey shortages, hunting, and other pressures.