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Ball python

The ball python (*Python regius*), also called the royal python, is a non-venomous constrictor snake native to West and Central Africa.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

The ball python (Python regius), also called the royal python, is a non-venomous constrictor snake native to West and Central Africa. It is the smallest of the African pythons and is known for curling into a ball when threatened. The species is popular in the pet trade and is listed as Least Concern, although some populations face pressure from collection and habitat loss.

Taxonomy and naming

The ball python is scientifically named Python regius and belongs to the family Pythonidae. It is also commonly called the royal python.

Description and behaviour

Ball pythons are small, stout pythons known for a defensive posture in which they coil into a ball and hide the head. They are generally nocturnal or crepuscular and are often described as relatively docile.

Habitat and distribution

The species is native to West and Central Africa and occurs in savannas, grasslands, shrublands, and open forests. It also uses burrows, termite mounds, and other sheltered sites.

Diet and reproduction

Ball pythons are carnivorous and typically feed on small mammals, especially rodents, and sometimes other small vertebrates. They kill prey by constriction. They are oviparous and lay eggs, with females coiling around the clutch during incubation.

Conservation and captivity

The ball python is listed as Least Concern, but some wild populations face pressure from harvest for food, leather, and the pet trade, as well as habitat loss. The species is widely kept in the pet trade and is one of the most popular pet snakes.

Key facts

  • Ball pythons are non-venomous constrictors that kill prey by constriction.
  • The species is named for its defensive behaviour of curling into a tight ball.
  • It is the smallest African python species.
  • Ball pythons are most active at dawn, dusk, and at night.
  • The species is widely kept in the pet trade, and wild populations can be affected by collection and habitat loss.
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Canadian context

Ball pythons are kept in Canada as exotic pets and are familiar to Canadian zoo and aquarium visitors. Canadian readers may also encounter the species in discussions of reptile welfare, wildlife trade, and responsible exotic pet ownership.

Frequently asked questions

Why is it called a ball python?
It gets its name from its defensive habit of curling into a tight ball when frightened or threatened.
Are ball pythons venomous?
No. Ball pythons are non-venomous constrictors that subdue prey by wrapping around it.
Where do ball pythons live?
They are native to West and Central Africa and live in savannas, grasslands, shrublands, open forests, and burrows.
What do ball pythons eat?
They mainly eat small mammals such as rodents, and may also take other small vertebrates.
What is the conservation status of the ball python?
The species is generally assessed as Least Concern, though local populations can be affected by collection and habitat change.

References

  1. Animal Diversity Webhttps://www.animaldiversity.org/accounts/Python_regius/
    Supports: Habitat, activity pattern, burrowing behaviour, and general species information.
  2. GBIFhttps://www.gbif.org/species/144100057
    Supports: Scientific name, distribution, and identification as a species native to West and Central Africa.
  3. Sacramento Zoohttps://www.saczoo.org/ball-python
    Supports: Smallest African python, defensive ball posture, longevity record, and threats from collection.
  4. Zoo New Englandhttps://www.zoonewengland.org/franklin-park-zoo/our-animals/reptiles-amphibians/ball-python/
    Supports: Family classification, size, reproduction, activity, and habitat.
  5. World Animal Protectionhttps://www.worldanimalprotection.org/latest/blogs/python-facts/
    Supports: Pet trade pressure and large-scale export from Africa.