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Barley

Barley is a cereal grain and a member of the grass family, scientifically known as *Hordeum vulgare*.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Barley is a cereal grain and a member of the grass family, scientifically known as *Hordeum vulgare*. It is one of the world’s oldest cultivated crops and is grown in temperate climates for food, animal feed, and malt used in brewing. Barley is a major global grain crop and is especially associated with beer production and livestock feed.

Description

Barley is a cereal plant in the grass family Poaceae and the grain it produces. It is typically an annual, cool-season crop with edible kernels and is cultivated in many temperate regions.

History and domestication

Barley was among the first crops domesticated by humans, with early cultivation in the Fertile Crescent and wider Southwest Asia. It has been grown since ancient times and remains one of the oldest cultivated grains.

Uses

Barley is used in human food, livestock feed, and malt production. Malted barley is especially important in brewing beer and other alcoholic beverages, while pearled and hulled barley are common food forms.

Agriculture and production

Barley is adapted to a broad range of growing conditions and is produced in many parts of the world. It is one of the major global grain crops and is especially valued for its hardiness and versatility.

Key facts

  • Barley is an annual grass grown for its edible grain.
  • It is one of the earliest domesticated grains, with origins in Southwest Asia.
  • Barley is used in breads, soups, stews, breakfast foods, and other human foods.
  • A large share of global barley production is used for animal feed and malting.
  • Barley is a key ingredient in beer and other malt beverages.
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Canadian context

Barley is important to Canadian agriculture, with Canada identified as one of the world’s leading producers. It is used in livestock feed and malting, supporting both domestic food systems and the beer industry.[12][3]

Frequently asked questions

What is barley?
Barley is a cereal grain and a grass species, *Hordeum vulgare*, grown for food, feed, and malt.
Where did barley originate?
Barley was domesticated in the Fertile Crescent and broader Southwest Asia thousands of years ago.
What is barley used for?
It is used in human foods, livestock feed, and malt for beer and other alcoholic beverages.
Is barley a major crop?
Yes. Barley is one of the world’s major cereal crops and is commonly described as the fourth largest grain crop globally.
Is barley related to wheat?
Yes. Barley belongs to the grass family Poaceae, the same plant family that includes wheat.
Is barley grown in Canada?
Yes. Canada is listed among the leading barley producers in the world.

References

  1. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barley
    Supports: Scientific name, family, cereal grain status, domestication origin and date.
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/plant/barley-cereal
    Supports: Definition, global crop ranking, major uses, and family classification.
  3. Agricultural Marketing Resource Centerhttps://www.agmrc.org/commodities-products/grains-oilseeds/barley-profile
    Supports: Climate adaptability and status as one of the world’s oldest cultivated grains.
  4. Britannica Kidshttps://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/barley/352826
    Supports: Major producers including Canada, general plant description, and uses.
  5. Grain Collaborativehttps://www.graincollaborative.com/grains-101/barley
    Supports: Two-row/six-row classification, covered versus naked barley, and food/malting uses.
  6. Whole Grains Councilhttps://www.wholegrainscouncil.org/whole-grains-101/grain-month-calendar/barley-%E2%80%93-february-grain-month
    Supports: Barley as one of the world’s earliest cultivated grains and its ancient domestication.