Beluga whale

The beluga whale (*Delphinapterus leucas*) is a small toothed whale native to Arctic and subarctic waters.

The beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) is a small toothed whale native to Arctic and subarctic waters. Adults are typically white, have a rounded forehead called a melon, and a flexible neck, and they are known for social behaviour and vocalisations. The species is also called the white whale or sea canary.

Description

Beluga whales are medium-sized odontocetes with a rounded forehead, flexible neck, and thick blubber adapted to cold water. Their white adult colouration and lack of a dorsal fin make them distinctive among whales.

Distribution and habitat

The species occurs in Arctic and subarctic waters of the Northern Hemisphere, including areas around Canada, Alaska, Greenland, and Russia. Belugas use a range of habitats, from open water to coasts, estuaries, and rivers.

Behaviour and diet

Belugas are social animals that often travel in pods and produce a wide range of sounds. They feed on fish and invertebrates such as crustaceans, worms, squid, and other small marine prey.

Conservation

The global conservation status of beluga whales is generally listed as Least Concern, but individual populations vary widely. Some regional groups face pressures from pollution, hunting, ice conditions, and other human activities.