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Science & Nature • Mammals

Cheetah

The cheetah (*Acinonyx jubatus*) is a large cat native to Africa and a small population in Iran.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) is a large cat native to Africa and a small population in Iran. It is the fastest land animal, built for short bursts of speed, and is classified as vulnerable to extinction by the IUCN.

Description

Cheetahs are slender, long-legged cats adapted for speed, with powerful hind limbs, a flexible spine, and semi-retractable claws. They are often distinguished by their solid spots and black facial tear marks.

Habitat and range

Historically, cheetahs ranged across much of Africa and Asia, but today they survive in only a small part of their former range. Most live in Africa, especially in open habitats such as grasslands and savannas.

Diet and hunting

Cheetahs are carnivores that prey on small to medium-sized animals, including gazelles and other hoofed mammals. They rely on speed and acceleration to catch prey over short distances.

Conservation

The cheetah is considered vulnerable to extinction, and some conservation sources describe it as functionally extinct across much of its historic range. Habitat loss, prey decline, and other pressures have contributed to population decline.

Key facts

  • Cheetahs are the world's fastest land animals, reaching about 114 km/h (71 mph).
  • They are carnivores that mainly hunt small to medium-sized prey.
  • Wild cheetahs live in parts of Africa, with a small population in Iran.
  • The species is listed as vulnerable, with fewer than 7,100 adult and adolescent cheetahs in the wild.
  • Cheetahs have solid round spots and black tear marks, unlike leopards' rosette-shaped markings.
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Canadian context

Cheetahs are not native to Canada, but they are common in Canadian zoos, education programs, and wildlife conservation discussions.

Frequently asked questions

How fast can a cheetah run?
Cheetahs can reach about 114 km/h (71 mph), making them the fastest land animals.
What do cheetahs eat?
Cheetahs are carnivores that mainly eat small to medium-sized animals, especially antelope such as gazelles.
Where do cheetahs live?
Cheetahs live mainly in Africa, with a small population in Iran. They prefer open habitats such as grasslands and savannas.
How long do cheetahs live?
Wild cheetahs usually live about 8 to 10 years, while those in human care can live about 12 to 15 years.
Are cheetahs endangered?
Cheetahs are officially listed as vulnerable by the IUCN, though some conservation sources describe them as functionally extinct in much of their historic range.
What is the difference between a cheetah and a leopard?
Cheetahs are slimmer, faster, and have solid round spots and black tear marks. Leopards are bulkier and have rosette-shaped spots instead of plain dots.

References

  1. Cheetah Conservation Fundhttps://cheetah.org/uk/cheetahfacts/
    Supports: Historic range, current range contraction, population estimates, and conservation status context.
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/science/How-Fast-Are-Cheetahs
    Supports: Top speed and acceleration of cheetahs.
  3. Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institutehttps://nationalzoo.si.edu/animals/cheetah
    Supports: Physical description, leopard comparison, and lifespan in wild and captivity.
  4. National Geographichttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/cheetah
    Supports: Diet, lifespan, size, conservation status, and note that cheetahs are vulnerable.
  5. Discover Wildlifehttps://discoverwildlife.com/animal-facts/mammals/mammal-cheetah-guide-facts
    Supports: Habitat range and distinction between cheetahs and leopards.