The Canadian Encyclopedia — neutral, cited, updated
July 26, 2026Sources cited
Canadianwire.
Canada’s encyclopedia & explainer
HomeScience & NatureMammalsChipmunk
Science & Nature • Mammals

Chipmunk

Chipmunks are small striped squirrels in the squirrel family, found mainly in North America.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Chipmunks are small striped squirrels in the squirrel family, found mainly in North America. They are ground-dwelling rodents with cheek pouches for carrying food, and they live in burrows or dens where they store food and may hibernate in colder months. In Canada, chipmunks are familiar mammals across much of the country, especially in forests, parks, and suburban areas.

Classification and species

Chipmunks are rodents in the squirrel family, Sciuridae. Sources describe them as small striped squirrels, with modern classifications recognizing 25 species and multiple genera, including Tamias, Neotamias, and Eutamias.

Appearance and behaviour

Chipmunks are typically brown or grey with dark and light stripes along the back and face. They are active, inquisitive animals that move quickly on the ground and can climb trees and swim.

Habitat and range

Chipmunks occupy a wide range of habitats, including forests, plains, mountains, and deserts. Most species live in North America, while the Siberian chipmunk occurs in northern Asia.

Diet and food storage

Chipmunks are omnivorous and often gather and store large quantities of food in their burrows or dens. Their cheek pouches help them carry seeds, nuts, and other food back to storage sites.

Life cycle

Chipmunks usually live only a few years in the wild. Young are typically born in late spring, and females may have one or two litters per year.

Key facts

  • There are 25 recognized chipmunk species, and 24 are native to North America.
  • Chipmunks are small, striped ground squirrels with large cheek pouches used to transport food.
  • They are omnivores that eat seeds, nuts, fruits, berries, and some animal matter.
  • Chipmunks live alone in dens, burrows, hollow logs, or tree-root cavities.
  • The Siberian chipmunk is the only species found outside North America.
🍁
Canadian context

Chipmunks are familiar mammals across much of Canada, especially the eastern chipmunk in the east and western species in other regions. They are common in forests, parks, and suburban areas, making them a well-known part of Canadian wildlife.[2][8][10]

Frequently asked questions

What is a chipmunk?
A chipmunk is a small striped squirrel in the rodent order, known for cheek pouches and food-storing behaviour.
How many chipmunk species are there?
Sources state there are 25 species of chipmunk, with 24 native to North America.
What do chipmunks eat?
Chipmunks are omnivores that eat nuts, seeds, fruits, berries, and some insects and other small animal food.
Do chipmunks hibernate?
Many chipmunks hibernate or remain inactive during cold weather, spending much of winter in their dens.
Where do chipmunks live?
They live in burrows, dens, hollow logs, or similar shelters across forests, mountains, plains, deserts, and other habitats.
Are chipmunks found outside North America?
Yes. The Siberian chipmunk is the main species found outside North America, in northern Asia.

References

  1. National Geographic Kidshttps://kids.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/chipmunk
    Supports: Species count, diet, size, lifespan, habitat, hibernation, food caching, reproduction
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/animal/chipmunk
    Supports: Definition of chipmunk as a genus of small striped squirrels with cheek pouches; species count
  3. Havaharthttps://www.havahart.com/chipmunk-facts
    Supports: Genera/classification, North American range, Siberian chipmunk exception
  4. Pennsylvania Game Commissionhttps://www.pa.gov/agencies/pgc/wildlife/discover-pa-wildlife/chipmunk
    Supports: Diet, lifespan, size
  5. Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protectionhttps://portal.ct.gov/DEEP/Wildlife/Fact-Sheets/Chipmunk
    Supports: Size, omnivory, eastern chipmunk range including southeastern Canada
  6. Minnesota Department of Natural Resourceshttps://www.dnr.state.mn.us/mammals/chipmunk.html
    Supports: Habitat, strips, food items, eastern and least chipmunk notes