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Clarence Thomas

Clarence Thomas is an American jurist who has served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States since 1991.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Clarence Thomas is an American jurist who has served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States since 1991. He is the second African American to serve on the Court and has become known for his conservative jurisprudence and originalist approach to constitutional interpretation.

Early life and education

Clarence Thomas was born in Pin Point, Georgia, in 1948. He later studied at the College of the Holy Cross and Yale Law School.

Before his Supreme Court appointment, Thomas worked in federal government roles, including as chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and as a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.

Supreme Court nomination and confirmation

President George H. W. Bush nominated Thomas to the Supreme Court in 1991. The Senate confirmed him by a 52–48 vote after highly publicized hearings that included allegations of sexual harassment by Anita Hill.

Judicial philosophy

On the Court, Thomas has been identified with conservative legal thought, especially originalism and narrow interpretations of constitutional and statutory text.

Key facts

  • Clarence Thomas was born in 1948 in Georgia and attended the College of the Holy Cross and Yale Law School.
  • He served on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit before joining the Supreme Court.
  • The Senate confirmed him to the Supreme Court by a 52–48 vote in 1991.
  • He is the second African American justice in U.S. history, after Thurgood Marshall.
  • Thomas is associated with originalism and a generally conservative judicial philosophy.
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Canadian context

Clarence Thomas is relevant to Canadian readers primarily as a major figure on the U.S. Supreme Court, whose constitutional interpretations can influence cross-border legal and political debates.

Frequently asked questions

Who is Clarence Thomas?
Clarence Thomas is an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, appointed in 1991.
When was Clarence Thomas born?
He was born on June 23, 1948.
What Supreme Court seat did he fill?
He filled the seat previously held by Thurgood Marshall.
How was Thomas confirmed to the Supreme Court?
The Senate confirmed him by a 52–48 vote in October 1991.
What is Clarence Thomas known for judicially?
He is known for a conservative approach and for originalist legal interpretation.

References

  1. Federal Judicial Centerhttps://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/thomas-clarence
    Supports: Birth year; D.C. Circuit nomination and confirmation; Supreme Court nomination, confirmation, and commission dates
  2. Oyezhttps://www.oyez.org/justices/clarence_thomas
    Supports: Birthplace; age at nomination; confirmation margin; second Black justice; oral-argument demeanor; conservative reputation
  3. New Georgia Encyclopediahttps://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/clarence-thomas-b-1948/
    Supports: Swearing-in date; youngest member status at the time; second African American member; confirmation hearings; conservative judicial views
  4. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/biography/Clarence-Thomas
    Supports: Bush nomination; conservative legal philosophy; voting tendencies on abortion rights
  5. Wikipediahttps://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Clarence_Thomas
    Supports: Additional biographical details, including opinions written and Court service chronology
  6. CNNhttps://www.cnn.com/2013/03/07/us/clarence-thomas-fast-facts
    Supports: Education details