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Division (mathematics)

Division is one of the four basic operations of arithmetic and the inverse of multiplication.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Division is one of the four basic operations of arithmetic and the inverse of multiplication. It describes splitting a quantity into equal parts or determining how many times one number is contained in another. The numbers involved are called the dividend and divisor, and the result is the quotient; when whole numbers do not divide evenly, there may also be a remainder.

Meaning

Division is a basic arithmetic operation used for equal sharing, grouping, and measuring how many times one quantity is contained in another. It is one of the four fundamental operations of arithmetic.

Notation and terms

Standard notation for division includes the symbols ÷ and /. In a division statement, the dividend is divided by the divisor to produce the quotient. When the division is not exact, there may be a remainder.

Relationship to multiplication

Division is the inverse of multiplication. If multiplication combines equal groups, division separates or distributes them into equal parts. This relationship is fundamental to arithmetic.

Integer division

When dividing whole numbers, the result may not be exact. In such cases, the quotient and remainder together describe the division result. The remainder is the amount left over after the division.

Key facts

  • Division can mean splitting a quantity into equal groups or finding how many times one number fits into another.
  • It is commonly treated as the inverse operation of multiplication.
  • The number being divided is the dividend, and the number dividing it is the divisor.
  • The answer is called the quotient, and for integer division there may be a remainder.
  • Division is usually written with the symbols ÷, /, or a fraction bar.
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Canadian context

Division is a core topic in Canadian mathematics education, especially in elementary arithmetic, fractions, and word problems.

Frequently asked questions

What is division in mathematics?
Division is an arithmetic operation used to split a quantity into equal parts or determine how many times one number fits into another.
What are the parts of a division problem?
The number being divided is the dividend, the number dividing it is the divisor, and the answer is the quotient.
What symbol is used for division?
Common symbols include ÷ and /, and division can also be written with a fraction bar.
Is division the opposite of multiplication?
Yes. Division is commonly described as the inverse of multiplication.
What is a remainder?
A remainder is the amount left over when a whole-number division does not divide evenly.

References

  1. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_(mathematics)
    Supports: Basic definition; dividend, divisor, quotient; division as a basic arithmetic operation.
  2. Math Is Funhttps://www.mathsisfun.com/definitions/division.html
    Supports: Division as splitting into equal parts or groups; symbols used.
  3. Math Is Funhttps://www.mathsisfun.com/numbers/division.html
    Supports: Division as splitting into equal parts or groups.
  4. Carnegie Mellon Universityhttps://www.math.cmu.edu/~mradclif/teaching/127S19/Notes/Division.pdf
    Supports: Formal integer divisibility, quotient, and remainder terminology.
  5. Khan Academyhttps://www.khanacademy.org/math/cc-third-grade-math/intro-to-division/imp-division-facts/a/intro-to-division-faq
    Supports: Division as sharing/grouping equally; dividend, divisor, quotient.