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Science & Nature • Marine Life

Frilled shark

The frilled shark (*Chlamydoselachus anguineus*) is a deep-sea shark known for its eel-like body, six pairs of gill slits, and primitive appearance.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

The frilled shark (Chlamydoselachus anguineus) is a deep-sea shark known for its eel-like body, six pairs of gill slits, and primitive appearance. It lives in scattered populations in deep waters of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and is often described as a “living fossil.”

Description

The frilled shark has a long, slender, eel-like body and a flattened head with a short snout and large terminal mouth. It has six pairs of curved gill slits, which give it its common name. Its anatomy has changed little compared with other modern sharks, leading to its description as a living fossil.

Distribution and habitat

Frilled sharks occur in scattered locations in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. They are usually found on or near the sea floor along continental shelves and upper slopes, at depths of about 50 to 1,500 m. They are rare to uncommon and have a patchy worldwide distribution, though they can occasionally appear near the surface.

Biology and behaviour

Frilled sharks are deep-water predators with a diet that likely includes squid and fish. They are uncommon and rarely observed, and their reproductive biology is poorly known compared with many other shark species.

Conservation

The frilled shark is affected by deep-water fisheries because it is frequently caught as bycatch in trawls and gillnets. Conservation assessments have listed it as Near Threatened, reflecting its rarity and exposure to fishing pressure.

Key facts

  • It has a long, slender, eel-like body and a flattened head with a short snout and large terminal mouth.
  • The species has six pairs of curved gill slits, which give it its common name.
  • Frilled sharks are found in deep waters of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, usually near the sea floor.
  • They are rare to uncommon and have a patchy worldwide distribution.
  • The species is often taken as bycatch in deep-water trawls and gillnets.
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Canadian context

Frilled sharks are not known as a Canadian species, but they are relevant to Canadian readers through deep-sea biology, comparative zoology, and conservation of rare marine animals.

Frequently asked questions

What is a frilled shark?
A frilled shark is a deep-sea shark species, *Chlamydoselachus anguineus*, known for its eel-like body and six pairs of gill slits.
Why is it called a living fossil?
It is called a living fossil because its body form resembles very ancient shark lineages and has changed little over time.
Where do frilled sharks live?
They live in deep ocean waters along continental shelves and slopes, mainly in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
How big do frilled sharks get?
They can reach about 1.96 m in length, with newborns reported at about 39 cm.
Are frilled sharks dangerous to humans?
They are generally considered harmless to humans and are rarely encountered.
What threatens frilled sharks?
Deep-water fishing is the main concern, because they are often caught as bycatch in trawls and gillnets.

References

  1. Sharks.orghttps://www.sharks.org/frilled-shark-chlamydoselachus-anguineus
    Supports: Body shape, gill slits, size, habitat depth, distribution, bycatch, and harmlessness to humans.
  2. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frilled_shark
    Supports: Living fossil description, general distribution in Atlantic and Pacific, and deep-water habitat.
  3. Reading Is Fundamentalhttps://www.rif.org/literacy-central/reading-experience/frilled-shark
    Supports: Habitat, size, living fossil description, bycatch, and Near Threatened status.
  4. Animal Diversity Webhttps://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Chlamydoselachus_anguineus/
    Supports: Global distribution and habitat depth on continental shelves and nearshore areas of large islands.
  5. MarineBiohttps://www.marinebio.org/species/frilled-sharks/chlamydoselachus-anguineus/
    Supports: Taxonomy, number of known species in the genus, habitat, distribution, and maximum length.
  6. Shark Guardianhttps://www.sharkguardian.org/post/frilled-shark
    Supports: Conservation status listing as Least Concern in one source, showing status may differ across references.