Ground squirrel

Ground squirrels are terrestrial rodents in the squirrel family (Sciuridae) that live on or in the ground rather than in trees.

Ground squirrels are terrestrial rodents in the squirrel family (Sciuridae) that live on or in the ground rather than in trees. The term usually refers to medium-sized ground-dwelling squirrels, while some larger forms are called marmots or prairie dogs and smaller forms may be called chipmunks. They are found across parts of North America, Eurasia, Africa, and some tropical areas of Southeast Asia.

Taxonomy and naming

Ground squirrels are a group of squirrels within the family Sciuridae and the order Rodentia. The common name is applied broadly, and related animals are often referred to as marmots, prairie dogs, or chipmunks depending on size and form.

Physical characteristics

Ground squirrels are typically long-bodied, short-legged rodents with strong claws for digging, small rounded ears, and a tail that is short or moderately long. Many species are adapted for alert posture and rapid retreat to burrows.

Habitat and behaviour

These animals are mainly terrestrial and are commonly associated with burrow systems in open habitats. They are usually diurnal and may live colonially or more solitarily depending on species.

Distribution and diversity

Ground squirrels occur in North America, Eurasia, Africa, and parts of Southeast Asia. Sources describe roughly 62 species in 10 genera, though some references use broader or narrower definitions.

Relationship with humans

Ground squirrels can be important in soil aeration but may also damage crops, embankments, or other structures through burrowing. Some species are studied or managed as wildlife, while others are considered pests in certain settings.