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Hippopotamus

The hippopotamus is a large, mostly herbivorous African mammal adapted to life in rivers, lakes, and wetlands.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

The hippopotamus is a large, mostly herbivorous African mammal adapted to life in rivers, lakes, and wetlands. It is among the largest land mammals and is known for its territorial behaviour and dangerous encounters with humans. Two living species are recognized: the common hippopotamus and the pygmy hippopotamus.

Description

The hippopotamus is a massive semi-aquatic mammal with a barrel-shaped body, short legs, and a large head. Its size, strength, and territorial behaviour make it one of Africa’s most formidable animals.

Habitat and behaviour

Hippos spend much of the day in water to keep cool and protect their skin, then leave the water at night to graze. They are social animals that live in groups, often in rivers and lakes.

Diet

Hippos are herbivores. They mainly feed on grass but may also consume leaves, fruit, and aquatic plants.

Human interactions

Hippos are among the most dangerous large animals in Africa because they can charge quickly, defend territory aggressively, and overturn boats or attack people who come too close.

Key facts

  • Hippos are the second-largest land animals after elephants.
  • They can run surprisingly fast on land, reaching about 19–22 mph (30–35 km/h) over short distances.
  • Hippos are herbivores and mainly eat grass, with additional plant material such as leaves, fruit, and aquatic plants.
  • They live in sub-Saharan Africa, usually staying in water during the day and grazing on land at night.
  • Hippos are considered highly dangerous because they are large, territorial, and responsible for many human fatalities in Africa.
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Canadian context

Hippos are not native to Canada, but they are a familiar species in Canadian zoos, wildlife documentaries, and conservation education.

Frequently asked questions

How fast can a hippo run?
A hippo can run up to about 19–22 mph (30–35 km/h) over short distances on land.
Are hippos dangerous?
Yes. Hippos are highly territorial and can be very aggressive toward people and other animals; they are responsible for many human deaths in Africa.
What do hippos eat?
Hippos are herbivores that mainly eat grass, but they also eat leaves, fruit, and aquatic plants.
Where do hippos live?
Hippos live in sub-Saharan Africa, usually in rivers, lakes, swamps, and wetlands.
How big is a hippo?
Hippos are among the largest land mammals. Adult males commonly weigh about 1,600–3,200 kg, while females are usually smaller.

References

  1. Discover Wildlife — https://www.discoverwildlife.com/animal-facts/mammals/facts-about-hippos
    Supports: Hippo size, speed, diet, and danger
  2. BBC Earth — https://www.bbcearth.com/factfiles/animals/mammals/hippo
    Supports: Hippo speed, size, and general behaviour