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Science & Nature • Mammals

Pygmy Hippopotamus

The pygmy hippopotamus is a small, semi-aquatic mammal native to West Africa.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

The pygmy hippopotamus is a small, semi-aquatic mammal native to West Africa. It is the only surviving member of its genus and is listed as Endangered due to habitat loss, hunting, and a very limited range.

Taxonomy and classification

The pygmy hippopotamus is a hippopotamid mammal with the scientific name Choeropsis liberiensis. It is the only living species in its genus and one of two surviving hippopotamus species.

Description and behaviour

Pygmy hippos are smaller, less aquatic, and more solitary than common hippos. They are mostly nocturnal and spend much of the day in dense vegetation or water to stay cool and concealed.

Distribution and habitat

The species lives in a narrow range in West Africa, mainly in Liberia and also in Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Côte d'Ivoire. It uses tropical lowland forest, swamp, and river-edge habitats.

Conservation status

The pygmy hippopotamus is listed as Endangered. Population decline is linked to forest loss, hunting, and the species' limited geographic range.

Key facts

  • The pygmy hippopotamus is much smaller than the common hippopotamus and is adapted to a more land-based lifestyle.
  • It is native to the forests and swamps of West Africa, with most remaining wild animals believed to be in Liberia.
  • The species is classified as Endangered, with estimates of fewer than 2,500 individuals in the wild.
  • Major threats include habitat loss, hunting, and fragmentation of its remaining forest habitat.
  • It is a mostly nocturnal, semi-aquatic herbivore that feeds on plant matter.
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Canadian context

Pygmy hippos are of interest to Canadian zoo visitors, wildlife conservation programs, and school curricula focused on biodiversity and endangered species.

Frequently asked questions

Where do pygmy hippos live?
They live in West Africa, mainly in Liberia, with smaller populations in Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Côte d'Ivoire.
How big is a pygmy hippopotamus?
Adults are typically about 1.5 to 1.75 metres long and 75 to 100 centimetres tall, weighing roughly 160 to 270 kilograms.
What do pygmy hippos eat?
They are herbivores and eat plant material.
Are pygmy hippos endangered?
Yes. The species is classified as Endangered and has a very small wild population.
Are pygmy hippos related to common hippos?
Yes. They are hippopotamids and are closely related to the common hippopotamus.

References

  1. San Diego Zoo Animals & Plantshttps://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/pygmy-hippopotamus
    Supports: Range, conservation status, size, weight, diet, reproduction, and life history details.
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/animal/hippopotamus-mammal-species/Pygmy-hippopotamus
    Supports: Scientific naming, taxonomic context, and endangered status.
  3. London Zoohttps://www.londonzoo.org/whats-here/animals/pygmy-hippo
    Supports: Only living member of its genus, smaller body size, land-adapted traits, and wild population estimate.
  4. Louisville Zoohttps://www.louisvillezoo.org/animalsandplants/pygmy-hippo/
    Supports: Genus/species, endangered status, range, and main threats.
  5. Taronga Zoohttps://www.taronga.org.au/wildlife-and-conservation/animals/detail/pygmy-hippopotamus
    Supports: Semi-aquatic and mostly nocturnal behaviour.