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Science & Nature • Insect

Ichneumon wasp

Ichneumon wasps are a large family of parasitoid wasps in the order Hymenoptera.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Ichneumon wasps are a large family of parasitoid wasps in the order Hymenoptera. They are among the most diverse insect groups, with tens of thousands of described species and many more estimated worldwide. Most species are harmless to humans and are ecologically important because their larvae develop on or in other arthropods, often helping control pest populations.

Classification and diversity

Ichneumon wasps are a family of wasps in the order Hymenoptera. They are widely distributed and are considered one of the largest and most diverse animal families.

Life cycle and parasitism

Female ichneumon wasps lay eggs on or in host arthropods, and the larvae feed on the host as they develop. In most cases, the host eventually dies, which is why the group is called parasitoid rather than merely parasitic.

Ecological importance

Many species help regulate insect populations and are useful in natural biological control. They can reduce numbers of insects that damage crops, forests, and other plants.

Human interactions

Ichneumon wasps often look intimidating because of their slender bodies and long ovipositors, but they are usually not dangerous to humans. The ovipositor is used for egg-laying, not stinging.

Key facts

  • Ichneumon wasps belong to the family Ichneumonidae, within the order Hymenoptera.
  • They are one of the most species-rich groups of insects, with about 25,000 described species and many more estimated.
  • They are parasitoids, meaning their larvae develop on or in a host and usually kill it.
  • Hosts include caterpillars, sawflies, horntails, spiders, and other arthropods.
  • They are generally considered harmless to people and are important natural enemies of pest insects.
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Canadian context

Ichneumon wasps occur across North America, including Canada, and are part of the insect fauna of Canadian forests, gardens, and agricultural landscapes. Canadian readers may encounter them as beneficial parasitoids that help control insect pests.

Frequently asked questions

Are ichneumon wasps true wasps?
Yes. They are wasps in the family Ichneumonidae, within the order Hymenoptera.
Do ichneumon wasps sting people?
They are generally harmless to people. The female’s long appendage is usually an ovipositor for laying eggs, not a stinger.
What do ichneumon wasps parasitize?
They parasitize many arthropods, especially caterpillars, sawflies, horntails, and spiders.
How many species of ichneumon wasps are there?
About 25,000 species have been described, and experts estimate many more remain undiscovered.
Why are ichneumon wasps considered beneficial?
Because many species help suppress pest insects and other arthropods, making them important in ecosystems and biological control.

References

  1. Missouri Department of Conservationhttps://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/ichneumon-wasps
    Supports: Large worldwide diversity; more than 5,000 species in North America; nearly all habitats
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/animal/ichneumon-wasp
    Supports: Family Ichneumonidae; parasitoid wasps; described and estimated species counts; alternative usage of the name
  3. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichneumonidae
    Supports: Ichneumonidae as parasitoid wasps in Hymenoptera; described species count; host range
  4. University of Minnesota Extensionhttps://extension.umn.edu/yard-and-garden-insects/ichneumonid-wasp
    Supports: Harmlessness to people; ovipositor explanation; host examples; ecological role
  5. Australian Museumhttps://australian.museum/learn/animals/insects/ichneumonid-wasps/
    Supports: Family is one of the largest hymenopteran groups; distribution in Australia