India pale ale

India pale ale (IPA) is a style of beer known for its prominent hop flavour, bitterness, and often higher alcohol content than many other pale ales.

India pale ale (IPA) is a style of beer known for its prominent hop flavour, bitterness, and often higher alcohol content than many other pale ales. It originated in England and became associated with beer exported to India during the British colonial era. IPA has since become one of the most influential styles in modern craft brewing.

History

India pale ale developed in England and became linked to beer shipped to India in the 18th and 19th centuries. Sources differ on the exact first use of the name, but they agree that the style’s origin was British and its export history shaped the category.

Characteristics

IPA is defined by a strong hop presence, which contributes bitterness and aromatic notes that can include fruity, citrus, pine, or floral elements. Compared with standard pale ale, it usually has more hops and often a higher ABV.

Modern craft beer

IPA became a major style in the modern craft beer movement and is now one of its most widely recognised categories. Contemporary brewers produce many variations, reflecting different hop varieties, bitterness levels, and colour ranges.

Naming and origin

The name refers to the beer’s association with export to India, not to its place of invention. Historical accounts note that the style was developed in England and later named in commercial use, with one early recorded name appearing in an Australian advertisement in 1829.