Jackal

Jackals are medium-sized wild canids of the genera Canis and Lupulella, native to Africa and Eurasia.

Jackals are medium-sized wild canids of the genera Canis and Lupulella, native to Africa and Eurasia. In modern usage, the term most often refers to the golden jackal, black-backed jackal, and side-striped jackal, which are opportunistic omnivores and scavengers. Although not native to Canada, jackals are relevant to Canadian readers in comparative mammalogy, wildlife biology, and zoological collections.

Taxonomy

Jackals are wild canids in the family Canidae. Modern references usually include the golden jackal, black-backed jackal, and side-striped jackal, while some classifications also discuss the African golden wolf. Jackals are related to dogs, wolves, and coyotes.

Distribution and habitat

Jackals occur in Africa and Eurasia. They are associated with open country, grassy plains, brush, thickets, and other habitats that provide cover for hunting and denning. They inhabit savanna-like or semi-open environments.

Behaviour and diet

Jackals are opportunistic feeders that eat carrion, small animals, and sometimes fruit or plant material. They may live alone, in pairs, or in packs, and can hunt cooperatively. They are known for scavenging as well as hunting live prey, and are often nocturnal.

Species

The most commonly recognized species are the golden jackal, black-backed jackal, and side-striped jackal. The African golden wolf has sometimes been treated as a jackal in older or broader classifications. Some sources also distinguish the African golden wolf as a species formerly classified as a jackal.