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Coyote

The coyote (*Canis latrans*) is a North American canid in the dog family, Canidae.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

The coyote (Canis latrans) is a North American canid in the dog family, Canidae. It is smaller and more lightly built than the gray wolf and is known for its adaptability, varied diet, and distinctive vocalizations. Coyotes now live across much of North and Central America, including many parts of Canada.

Description

Coyotes are medium-sized canids with a narrow muzzle, erect ears, and a bushy tail. They are usually grayish-brown to yellowish-brown, though appearance varies across regions.

Range and habitat

Originally associated with open prairie and mixed habitats, coyotes now occupy a broad range of environments. They are found across much of North America and into Central America, including rural and urban areas.

Diet and behaviour

Coyotes are highly adaptable hunters and scavengers. They typically hunt alone or in small groups and feed on rodents, rabbits, fruit, insects, carrion, and other available food sources.

Conservation and relationship with humans

Coyotes are not considered at immediate risk globally and have expanded in many regions where human land use has changed landscapes. They are sometimes seen as conflicts with livestock or pets, but their ecological resilience has made them one of the most successful wild canids in North America.

Key facts

  • Coyotes are wild canids native to North America.
  • The species name is Canis latrans, meaning “barking dog.”
  • Coyotes are smaller and more lightly built than wolves.
  • They are opportunistic omnivores that eat small mammals, carrion, fruit, insects, and human waste.
  • Coyotes have adapted to farmland and urban environments.
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Canadian context

Coyotes occur in most parts of Canada and are a familiar wild mammal in both natural and human-modified landscapes.[4][6]

Frequently asked questions

What is a coyote?
A coyote is a wild canid species, Canis latrans, native to North America.
Where do coyotes live?
Coyotes live across much of Canada, the United States, Mexico, and parts of Central America.
What do coyotes eat?
Coyotes eat small mammals, fruit, insects, carrion, and other available food, making them opportunistic omnivores.
How big is a coyote?
Adults typically weigh about 20–50 pounds and measure roughly 3–4 feet long, including the tail.
Are coyotes endangered?
No. The species is commonly assessed as Least Concern.
Why are coyotes important in Canada?
Coyotes are widespread in Canada and are a familiar part of many ecosystems, especially in rural, suburban, and urban-edge habitats.

References

  1. Encyclopedia.comhttps://www.encyclopedia.com/plants-and-animals/animals/vertebrate-zoology/coyote
    Supports: Etymology of the name and common alternate names.
  2. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coyote
    Supports: Scientific name, classification, native range, and common alternate names.
  3. Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/animal/coyote-mammal
    Supports: Species description, family, size comparison with wolves, and range.
  4. NHPBS NatureWorkshttps://natureworks.nhpbs.org/animals/coyote/
    Supports: Distribution in the United States, Mexico, Central America, and most of Canada.
  5. The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/coyote
    Supports: Canadian range, habitat use, diet, and adaptation to human-modified environments.
  6. National Geographichttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/coyote
    Supports: Diet, size, lifespan, and conservation status.
  7. National Wildlife Foundationhttps://nwlfd.org/species/coyote
    Supports: Conservation status and general species overview.
  8. Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/summary/coyote-mammal
    Supports: Range, size, diet, and coydog note.