James Garfield

James Abram Garfield (1831–1881) was the 20th president of the United States, serving from March to September 1881.

James Abram Garfield (1831–1881) was the 20th president of the United States, serving from March to September 1881. Before the presidency, he was a Union general, educator, lawyer, and long-serving Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives. His presidency ended after he was shot in July 1881 and died from his injuries later that year.

Early life and education

Garfield was born in Ohio in 1831 and rose from modest beginnings. He worked in education and became president of Hiram College before entering national politics.

Political and military career

During the Civil War, Garfield served as a Union officer and later became a prominent Republican in Congress. He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives and served there for nine terms.

Presidency

Garfield won the presidency in 1880 and took office in March 1881. His administration was brief but associated with civil service reform and efforts to reduce political corruption.

Assassination and legacy

Garfield was shot in Washington, D.C., in July 1881 and died in September after a long struggle with his wounds. His death intensified debate over federal appointments and helped build support for civil service reform.