Mistletoe

Mistletoe is the common name for a group of parasitic or hemiparasitic flowering plants, especially species in the genera Viscum, Phoradendron, and Arceuthobium.

Mistletoe is the common name for a group of parasitic or hemiparasitic flowering plants, especially species in the genera Viscum, Phoradendron, and Arceuthobium. In common usage, it often refers to European mistletoe (Viscum album), an evergreen plant that grows on the branches of trees and draws water and nutrients from its host.

Taxonomy and classification

The name mistletoe applies to many species in several plant families, especially Santalaceae, Loranthaceae, and Misodendraceae. The term is used broadly in botany, but in everyday English it often refers to Viscum album.

Growth and ecology

Mistletoes attach to woody host plants and absorb water and mineral nutrients from them through specialized roots. Most are hemiparasitic, meaning they still make some of their own food through photosynthesis.

Distribution and species

Mistletoe species occur in tropical and temperate regions around the world. Viscum album is the best-known European species, while dwarf mistletoes and other groups occur in different regions and host trees.

Human use and cultural significance

Mistletoe is widely associated with winter and Christmas traditions, especially the custom of kissing beneath it. It has also been used in traditional medicine, although its berries and other parts are toxic and should not be eaten.

Ecological importance

Mistletoe can be important for birds and other wildlife because its fruits and the structure of the plant support feeding and shelter. In some habitats it is described as a keystone species because of its outsized ecological role.