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September 11, 2026Sources cited
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Mourning Dove

The Mourning Dove (*Zenaida macroura*) is a common North American dove in the pigeon and dove family, Columbidae.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated September 11, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

The Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura) is a common North American dove in the pigeon and dove family, Columbidae. It is a slender, long-tailed bird known for its soft, sorrow-like cooing call, rapid flight, and widespread presence from southern Canada to Central America. It is listed as Least Concern and is also a game bird in parts of its range.

Description

Mourning Doves are medium-sized, slender birds with long tapered tails, small heads, and gray-brown plumage. Field guides note their black spot below the eye and white tips on the tail feathers.

Range and habitat

The species occurs across much of North America, from southern Canada through the United States into Mexico and parts of Central America. It is associated with open or semi-open habitats such as fields, roadsides, towns, and suburban areas.

Behaviour and diet

Mourning Doves mainly eat seeds and forage on the ground, often in flocks or pairs. Their flight is fast and direct, and their wings can make a whistling sound when they take off.

Breeding and life cycle

The species breeds repeatedly during the season and both parents help care for the young. National Geographic notes that pairs may raise several broods in a year, reflecting high juvenile mortality.

Conservation and human use

The Mourning Dove is assessed as Least Concern because of its large range and abundant population. It is also one of the most frequently hunted bird species in North America.

Key facts

  • The Mourning Dove is one of the most common and widespread birds in North America.
  • It has a slim body, small head, long pointed tail, and muted brownish-gray plumage.
  • Its call is a soft, drawn-out coo that gives the bird its name.
  • It feeds mainly on seeds and forages on the ground.
  • The species can migrate, with northern populations moving south in winter.
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Canadian context

The Mourning Dove breeds in southern Canada and is familiar to Canadian birdwatchers, especially in open country and urban edge habitats.

Frequently asked questions

What is a Mourning Dove?
A Mourning Dove is a common North American dove species, Zenaida macroura, in the family Columbidae.
Why is it called a Mourning Dove?
The name refers to its soft, melancholy-sounding cooing call.
Where do Mourning Doves live?
They range from southern Canada through the United States and Mexico into parts of Central America, usually in open habitats.
What do Mourning Doves eat?
They mainly eat seeds and forage on the ground; they may also eat grain and some fruit.
Are Mourning Doves migratory?
Some populations migrate, especially those from northern areas, while more southerly birds may remain year-round.
Is the Mourning Dove endangered?
No. It is listed as Least Concern and is considered abundant across a wide range.

References

  1. Cornell Lab of Ornithologyhttps://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Mourning_Dove/overview
    Supports: Scientific name, family, order, general description, behaviour, vocalization, and feeding habits.
  2. National Geographichttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birds/facts/mourning-dove
    Supports: Range, size, conservation status, lifespan, appearance, and breeding notes.
  3. Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/animal/mourning-dove
    Supports: Taxonomy, typical lifespan, migratory behaviour, and general species description.
  4. North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commissionhttps://www.ncwildlife.gov/media/1867/open
    Supports: Range, status as a game bird, and alternate common names.
  5. Minnesota Department of Natural Resourceshttps://www.dnr.state.mn.us/birds/mourningdove.html
    Supports: Description, nesting, diet, call, and seasonal movement.