The Canadian Encyclopedia — neutral, cited, updated
July 27, 2026Sources cited
Canadianwire.
Canada’s encyclopedia & explainer
HomeEntertainmentAnthemO Canada
Entertainment • Anthem

O Canada

O Canada is the national anthem of Canada.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 27, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

O Canada is the national anthem of Canada. Its music was composed by Calixa Lavallée, with original French lyrics by Adolphe-Basile Routhier. The English lyrics commonly used today are based on a 1908 version by Robert Stanley Weir, and it was proclaimed Canada's national anthem in 1980.

History

O Canada originated as a French-Canadian patriotic song first performed in 1880. It became the national anthem of Canada on 1 July 1980.

Lyrics and language

The anthem exists in English, French, bilingual, instrumental, and sign-language versions. The English lyrics used officially are based on Robert Stanley Weir’s 1908 text, while the original French lyrics were written by Adolphe-Basile Routhier.

Official status

Canadian Heritage states that O Canada should be played first at events when it appears alongside another anthem, and last when anthems are played at the end of an event.

2018 lyric change

Legislation passed in 2018 changed the English line “True patriot love in all thy sons command” to the gender-neutral “True patriot love in all of us command.”

Key facts

  • The anthem was first sung in 1880 and proclaimed Canada’s national anthem in 1980.
  • The music was composed by Calixa Lavallée.
  • The original French lyrics were written by Adolphe-Basile Routhier.
  • In 2018, the line “in all thy sons command” was changed to “in all of us command.”
  • Canada’s royal anthem remains “God Save the King.”
🍁
Canadian context

It is the national anthem of Canada and one of the country’s most widely recognized official symbols.

Frequently asked questions

When did O Canada become Canada’s national anthem?
It was proclaimed Canada’s national anthem in 1980.
Who composed O Canada?
The music was composed by Calixa Lavallée.
Who wrote the original French lyrics?
The original French lyrics were written by Adolphe-Basile Routhier.
Who wrote the English lyrics used today?
The English lyrics are based on a 1908 version by Robert Stanley Weir.
What lyric was changed in 2018?
“In all thy sons command” was changed to “in all of us command.”
Is O Canada the same as Canada’s royal anthem?
No. “God Save the King” remains Canada’s royal anthem.

References

  1. Government of Canadahttps://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/anthem-canada.html
    Supports: Official status, authorship, 2018 lyric change, performance guidance
  2. Government of Canadahttps://www.canada.ca/content/dam/ircc/migration/ircc/english/celebrate/pdf/national_anthem_e.pdf
    Supports: Official English and bilingual lyrics
  3. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/topic/O-Canada
    Supports: History, composers, lyric authors, proclamation date, royal anthem distinction