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Oedipus

Oedipus is a figure in Greek mythology who became king of Thebes.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 27, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Oedipus is a figure in Greek mythology who became king of Thebes. He is best known for unknowingly killing his father, Laius, and marrying his mother, Jocasta, after solving the riddle of the Sphinx. The myth became especially influential through Greek tragedy and later inspired Sigmund Freud’s concept of the Oedipus complex.

Mythological background

Oedipus is portrayed as the son of Laius and Jocasta, rulers of Thebes. A prophecy foretold that he would kill his father and marry his mother, setting the tragic events of the myth in motion.

The Sphinx episode

In the best-known version of the legend, Oedipus solved the riddle of the Sphinx, ending its terror of Thebes. His success brought him kingship, but also led to the fatal marriage to Jocasta.

Discovery and downfall

When the truth of his parentage was revealed, the consequences were catastrophic. Ancient and later versions differ in details, but the story commonly includes Jocasta’s death and Oedipus’s self-blinding.

Literary and psychological influence

The Oedipus story became one of the most famous myths in Greek literature, especially through tragedy. In modern psychology, Freud used the myth to name the Oedipus complex.

Key facts

  • Oedipus is a central figure in Greek mythology and the tragic king of Thebes.
  • According to the myth, he unknowingly killed his father, Laius, and married his mother, Jocasta.
  • He is also associated with defeating the Sphinx, which led to his becoming king of Thebes.
  • In some versions of the story, Oedipus blinded himself after discovering the truth.
  • The myth was later used by Sigmund Freud as the basis for the term Oedipus complex.
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Canadian context

The Oedipus myth is part of the classical tradition studied in Canadian schools, universities, and theatre programs, and it remains influential in literature, psychology, and the performing arts in Canada.

Frequently asked questions

Who was Oedipus?
Oedipus was a mythological king of Thebes in ancient Greek tradition.
What is Oedipus known for?
He is best known for unknowingly killing his father and marrying his mother.
Did Oedipus defeat the Sphinx?
Yes, in the best-known version of the myth he solved the Sphinx’s riddle and became king of Thebes.
Did Oedipus blind himself?
In some versions of the myth, he blinded himself after learning the truth about his parentage.
What is the Oedipus complex?
It is a psychoanalytic term introduced by Sigmund Freud, drawing on the myth of Oedipus.

References

  1. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/topic/Oedipus-Greek-mythology
    Supports: Core identification of Oedipus, his parentage, killing Laius, marrying Jocasta, and self-blinding in some versions.
  2. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedipus
    Supports: General myth outline and later use of the legend by Sigmund Freud for the Oedipus complex.
  3. Mythopediahttps://mythopedia.com/topics/oedipus/
    Supports: Oedipus as king of Thebes, son of Laius and Jocasta, and his victory over the Sphinx.
  4. Britannica Kidshttps://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Oedipus/276164
    Supports: Freud’s use of the myth in naming the Oedipus complex and basic myth summary.