The Canadian Encyclopedia — neutral, cited, updated
July 26, 2026Sources cited
Canadianwire.
Canada’s encyclopedia & explainer
HomeSportsWinter OlympicsOlympic Winter Games
Sports • Winter Olympics

Olympic Winter Games

The Olympic Winter Games are an international multi-sport event held on snow and ice and governed by the International Olympic Committee.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

The Olympic Winter Games are an international multi-sport event held on snow and ice and governed by the International Olympic Committee. The first edition was held in Chamonix, France, in 1924, and the Games are staged every four years, alternating with the Summer Olympic Games. Canada is a major Winter Olympic nation and has hosted the Winter Games more than once.

History

The first Winter Olympics were held in Chamonix, France, in 1924 after beginning as International Winter Sports Week. The International Olympic Committee later recognized the event as the first Olympic Winter Games.

Programme

The Winter Games feature sports conducted on snow or ice, including alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, figure skating, ice hockey, luge, ski jumping, and snowboarding. The programme has expanded over time as new disciplines were added.

Schedule and format

The Winter Olympics are staged every four years and are arranged so they alternate with the Summer Olympics. Since 1994, the Summer and Winter Games have taken place in different calendar years.

Scale and participation

The event has grown from a small gathering of athletes and nations in 1924 to a major global competition. The 2026 Winter Games are expected to bring together athletes from many countries and multiple host locations.

Key facts

  • The Olympic Winter Games began as the 1924 International Winter Sports Week in Chamonix, later recognized by the IOC as the first Winter Olympics.
  • Winter Olympic sports are played on snow or ice and include disciplines such as skiing, skating, ice hockey, curling, and snowboarding.
  • The Games are held every four years and are scheduled separately from the Summer Olympics.
  • The inaugural 1924 Games included about 250 athletes from 16 countries and 16 events.
  • The event has expanded substantially; the 2026 edition is expected to feature around 2,900 athletes and 116 events across 16 winter sports.
🍁
Canadian context

Canada is a major Winter Olympic nation and has hosted the Winter Games more than once, making the event especially relevant to Canadian readers.

Frequently asked questions

What are the Olympic Winter Games?
They are the IOC’s winter edition of the Olympic Games, featuring sports played on snow and ice.
When were the first Winter Olympics held?
The first Winter Olympics were held in Chamonix, France, in 1924.
How often are the Winter Olympics held?
They are held every four years.
What sports are included?
Typical sports include skiing, skating, ice hockey, curling, luge, biathlon, and snowboarding.
Are the Winter Olympics always in the same country as the Summer Olympics?
No. They are separate events and are hosted independently, though both are organized by the IOC.
How many athletes competed in the first Winter Olympics?
About 250 athletes competed in 1924.

References

  1. Olympics.com
    Supports: The first Winter Games, Chamonix 1924, and the IOC’s retrospective recognition of the first Olympic Winter Games.
  2. CNN
    Supports: The 1924 inaugural Winter Olympics, the four-year cycle, and the 2026 Milano Cortina dates.
  3. Britannica
    Supports: Growth of the Games, 1924 participation, and 2026 scale.
  4. History.com
    Supports: 1924 origin, athlete and nation counts, and the retroactive naming by the IOC.
  5. National Geographic Kids
    Supports: Winter sports on snow and ice, first Winter Olympics in 1924, and four-year scheduling.