Ortolan bunting

The ortolan bunting (*Emberiza hortulana*), also called the ortolan, is a small Eurasian songbird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

The ortolan bunting (Emberiza hortulana), also called the ortolan, is a small Eurasian songbird in the bunting family Emberizidae. It breeds across parts of Europe and western Asia and migrates to wintering areas in Africa and the Middle East. The species is currently listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, although some populations are declining.

Taxonomy and naming

The ortolan bunting belongs to the genus Emberiza in the bunting family Emberizidae. Its scientific name is Emberiza hortulana, and it was described by Linnaeus in 1758. The species is also commonly known simply as the ortolan.

Description

The ortolan bunting is a small, streaked bunting with a grayish head, pale yellow throat, and pinkish belly. Sources describe it as about 16 cm long, with a modest wingspan and a song of clear, varied notes.

Habitat and distribution

Ortolan buntings breed across parts of Europe and western Asia in open and semi-open habitats such as farmland, slopes, and grasslands with scattered trees and shrubs. They migrate south for the non-breeding season, often reaching Africa and the Middle East.

Ecology and behaviour

The species feeds mainly on seeds and insects, with insects forming an important part of the diet during the breeding season. It nests on or near the ground and is a migratory passerine, with breeding and non-breeding movements linked to seasonal changes.

Conservation and human use

The IUCN lists the species as Least Concern, but some sources note declining populations in parts of its range. The bird has also been known historically as a delicacy in French cuisine, which contributed to legal protections and restrictions on its use in some countries.