Osprey

The osprey (*Pandion haliaetus*) is a large fish-eating bird of prey found on coastlines, lakes, rivers, and other waterways on nearly every continent except Antarctica.

The osprey (Pandion haliaetus) is a large fish-eating bird of prey found on coastlines, lakes, rivers, and other waterways on nearly every continent except Antarctica. It is the only living species in the family Pandionidae and is known for hovering above water, diving feet-first, and catching fish with specialized talons. The species is widespread globally and has rebounded after declines linked to DDT exposure.

Taxonomy and classification

The osprey is scientifically named Pandion haliaetus and is placed in the family Pandionidae. Sources describe it as a distinctive fish-eating raptor that is not closely related to other hawks in the same way as many other birds of prey.

Appearance and identification

Ospreys are large, slim raptors with long, narrow wings, pale underparts, and a dark eye stripe. In flight, they often show a bent-wing, M-shaped profile that makes them easy to identify.

Feeding and hunting

Ospreys are specialized fish hunters that hover over water, plunge feet-first, and seize prey with strong talons. Their feet and hunting behaviour are unusually adapted for handling slippery fish. Ospreys may take fish for about 99% of their diet.

Range, habitat, and conservation

The species is widespread around the world wherever suitable fishing waters occur, and it uses coasts, lakes, rivers, and wetlands. It is listed as least concern globally, although some regional populations remain protected or considered of conservation concern. Ospreys typically nest near water, often on large stick nests, poles, or tall trees. In Canada, they are common during the breeding season near lakes, rivers, and coastal waters.