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July 27, 2026Sources cited
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Painted lady

The painted lady (*Vanessa cardui*) is a migratory butterfly in the family Nymphalidae.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 27, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

The painted lady (Vanessa cardui) is a migratory butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is one of the most widely distributed butterfly species in the world, occurring on most continents and in a wide range of habitats. The species is known for its orange, black, and white wing pattern and for long-distance movements, including regular appearances in Canada.

Taxonomy and naming

The painted lady is the common name for Vanessa cardui, a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is also associated with the name 'thistle butterfly' because of its caterpillar food plants.

Appearance

Adults are medium-sized butterflies with orange-brown upper wings, black markings, and white spots on the forewing tips. The undersides are mottled brown, gray, and black with small eyespots. The wingspan is about 5.8–7.4 cm.

Distribution and migration

The species occurs on nearly all continents, including Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, and Central America, and is absent from Antarctica and Australia. It is especially noted for long-distance migration, with seasonal or multi-generational movements. In Canada, painted ladies are a familiar migratory butterfly for naturalists and gardeners, observed in southern and sub-Arctic regions.

Life cycle and ecology

Painted lady caterpillars feed on thistles and other host plants, including several widespread weed and garden species. Adults nectar on a variety of flowers. The species is adaptable and can use disturbed, open, and garden habitats, making it common in gardens, grasslands, and fields.

Key facts

  • The painted lady is a brush-footed butterfly in the family Nymphalidae.
  • It is widely distributed and is often described as the most widespread butterfly species.
  • Adults are orange-brown with black and white markings, including black-tipped forewings with white spots.
  • The species is migratory and can travel long distances seasonally or in multi-generational movements.
  • Caterpillars feed on thistles and other host plants, and adults visit a variety of flowers.
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Canadian context

Painted ladies occur in Canada, including southern and sub-Arctic regions, and are a familiar migratory butterfly for Canadian naturalists and gardeners.

Frequently asked questions

What is the painted lady butterfly's scientific name?
Its scientific name is Vanessa cardui.
Where is the painted lady found?
It is found across much of the world, including Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, and Central America; it is absent from Antarctica and Australia.
Why is it called the painted lady?
The name refers to its patterned wings, which combine orange-brown, black, and white markings.
Is the painted lady a migratory butterfly?
Yes. It is known for long-distance migration and seasonal movement across large regions.
What do painted lady caterpillars eat?
They feed on thistles and other host plants, including several widespread weed and garden species.

References

  1. Animal Diversity Webhttps://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Vanessa_cardui/
    Supports: Scientific name, family, broad distribution, and general species account.
  2. Butterfly Conservationhttps://butterfly-conservation.org/butterflies/painted-lady
    Supports: Migration, seasonal movement, and habitat notes.
  3. NHPBS NatureWorkshttps://natureworks.nhpbs.org/animals/painted-lady/
    Supports: Wingspan, appearance, global distribution, and presence in North America and Canada.
  4. The Wildlife Trustshttps://www.wildlifetrusts.org/wildlife-explorer/invertebrates/butterflies/painted-lady
    Supports: Scientific name, wingspan, caterpillar food plants, and distribution.
  5. University of Wisconsin-Madison Division of Extensionhttps://www.wisc.edu/articles/painted-lady-butterfly-vanessa-cardui/
    Supports: Widespread distribution and garden occurrence.