Seal

Seals are semi-aquatic marine mammals in the pinniped group, with around 32–35 living species depending on classification.

Seals are semi-aquatic marine mammals in the pinniped group, with around 32–35 living species depending on classification. They are divided into earless seals (true seals, family Phocidae) and eared seals (family Otariidae), which also includes sea lions and fur seals. Seals are found in seas around the world and are adapted for swimming and hunting in water.

Classification

Seals belong to the pinniped group within the order Carnivora. Living pinnipeds are commonly divided into true seals, eared seals, and the walrus, though everyday usage often groups most pinnipeds as seals.

Physical characteristics

Seals have streamlined bodies, flippers, and a thick layer of blubber that helps with insulation, buoyancy, and energy storage. Their size varies widely among species, from relatively small harbor seals to very large elephant seals.

Habitat and range

Seals live in marine environments worldwide, including polar, temperate, coastal, and open-ocean habitats. Many species are especially associated with cold seas and use land, beaches, islands, or ice floes for resting and breeding.

Diet and behaviour

Seals are carnivorous predators that hunt underwater. Their diets commonly include fish, squid, crustaceans, molluscs, seabirds, and, in some cases, other marine mammals.

Conservation

Conservation status varies by species, and some seal species are threatened or extinct. Human impacts, including hunting, habitat change, and entanglement, have affected several populations.