The Canadian Encyclopedia — neutral, cited, updated
July 26, 2026Sources cited
Canadianwire.
Canada’s encyclopedia & explainer
HomeScience & NatureMammalsServal
Science & Nature • Mammals

Serval

The serval is a medium-sized African wild cat, scientifically known as *Leptailurus serval*.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

The serval is a medium-sized African wild cat, scientifically known as *Leptailurus serval*. It is known for its long legs, large ears, spotted coat, and strong hunting ability in grassland and wetland habitats. The species is found mainly south of the Sahara, with small isolated populations in parts of North Africa.

Taxonomy and description

The serval is a felid in the genus *Leptailurus* and is the only living species in that genus. It is a slender cat with a small head, very large ears, a short tail, and a spotted-and-striped coat.

Distribution and habitat

Servals occur across much of sub-Saharan Africa, with small isolated populations in parts of North Africa. They typically live in open habitats such as savannahs, grasslands, marsh edges, and reed beds, and avoid dense rainforest and very arid areas.

Behaviour and diet

Servals are solitary, mainly nocturnal hunters with keen hearing and strong jumping ability. They feed mostly on small vertebrates and also take insects and other opportunistic prey.

Conservation

The serval is considered a species of Least Concern overall, but some local populations, especially in North Africa, are more vulnerable. Habitat change and regional pressure can affect population stability.

Key facts

  • Servals are native to Africa and are most common in sub-Saharan regions.
  • They prefer savannahs, grasslands, reed beds, and wet habitats near water.
  • Their long legs and large ears help them detect and catch prey in tall grass.
  • Servals are carnivores that eat rodents, birds, frogs, reptiles, and insects.
  • The species is generally listed as Least Concern, although some isolated North African populations are more threatened.
🍁
Canadian context

Servals are not native to Canada, but they are familiar to Canadian readers through zoo collections, wildlife education programs, and conservation coverage.

Frequently asked questions

What is a serval?
A serval is a medium-sized African wild cat known for its long legs, large ears, and spotted coat.
What does a serval eat?
Servals mainly eat rodents, but they also take birds, frogs, reptiles, insects, and other small animals.
Where do servals live?
They live mostly in sub-Saharan Africa, especially in grasslands, savannahs, and wet habitats near water.
How big is a serval?
Adult servals are typically about 59–92 cm long and weigh around 7–18 kg.
Are servals endangered?
The species is generally listed as Least Concern, though some regional populations are under greater threat.

References

  1. San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliancehttps://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/serval
    Supports: Size, appearance, habitat, reproduction, and conservation notes.
  2. AAP Englishhttps://en.aap.eu/serval-facts-and-figures/
    Supports: African distribution and habitat preferences.
  3. African Wildlife Foundationhttps://www.awf.org/wildlife-conservation/serval
    Supports: General description, long legs, large ears, and habitat association.
  4. Soft Schoolshttps://www.softschools.com/facts/animals/serval_facts/57/
    Supports: Physical traits, length, weight, and lifespan estimates.
  5. National Geographic Kidshttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/serval
    Supports: Common name, scientific name, diet, lifespan, and general size.