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Caracal

The caracal (*Caracal caracal*) is a medium-sized wild cat native to Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and parts of South Asia.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

The caracal (Caracal caracal) is a medium-sized wild cat native to Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and parts of South Asia. It is known for its long black ear tufts, slender build, and ability to hunt birds and small mammals. The species is currently listed as Least Concern globally.

Description

Caracals are slender, medium-sized felids with tawny to reddish coats, long legs, and tufted ears. They are among the largest of Africa’s small cats and are adapted for speed and jumping.

Distribution and habitat

The species occurs across much of Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and parts of South Asia. It lives in dry and open habitats such as savannas, scrublands, deserts, and arid woodlands.

Behaviour and diet

Caracals are solitary predators that hunt mainly at dusk, night, and dawn. They feed on small mammals and birds and are known for their ability to leap high enough to catch prey in the air.

Conservation status

The caracal is classified globally as Least Concern because it remains widespread and adaptable. Local populations may still face habitat loss and other pressures.

Key facts

  • Caracals are medium-sized wild cats with long legs, a short tail, and distinctive black ear tufts.
  • They are solitary and are often active at twilight or at night.
  • Their diet includes birds, rodents, rabbits, and other small animals.
  • They are strong jumpers and can catch birds in midair.
  • The species has a wide geographic range across Africa and parts of Asia.
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Canadian context

Caracals are not native to Canada, but they are of interest to Canadian readers through zoo collections, wildlife education, and conservation coverage of wild cat species.

Frequently asked questions

What is a caracal?
A caracal is a medium-sized wild cat in the genus *Caracal*, scientifically named *Caracal caracal*.
Where do caracals live?
Caracals live in Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and parts of South Asia, especially in dry open habitats.
What do caracals eat?
They mainly hunt birds and small mammals such as rodents and rabbits.
Are caracals endangered?
No. The species is listed as Least Concern globally by the IUCN.
What makes caracals distinctive?
Their most distinctive features are their long black ear tufts, slender body, and long legs.

References

  1. Oxford Academichttps://academic.oup.com/mspecies/article/52/993/71/6016926
    Supports: Scientific name, classification, range, habitat, and morphology of *Caracal caracal*.
  2. National Geographichttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/caracal-wildcats-africa
    Supports: Common name, diet, conservation status, body size, and general distribution.
  3. San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliancehttps://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/caracal
    Supports: Size, lifespan in captivity and in the wild, young, and physical description.
  4. National Geographic Kidshttps://kids.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/caracal
    Supports: Range, activity pattern, and diet.
  5. Big Cat Rescuehttps://bigcatrescue.org/conservation-news/caracal-facts
    Supports: Scientific name, common names, conservation status, and lifespan.