White-tailed deer

The white-tailed deer (*Odocoileus virginianus*) is a medium-sized deer native to the Americas and the most widely distributed mainland ungulate herbivore in the region.

The white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is a medium-sized deer native to the Americas and the most widely distributed mainland ungulate herbivore in the region. It is known for its white underside of the tail, which is raised as a warning signal when the animal is alarmed. The species occurs from southern Canada through much of the United States and south into Central and South America.

Taxonomy and naming

The white-tailed deer is scientifically known as Odocoileus virginianus and belongs to the deer family Cervidae in the order Artiodactyla. Common names include white-tailed deer, whitetail, and Virginia deer.

Distribution and habitat

The species has one of the broadest ranges of any land mammal in the Americas, extending from southern Canada through the United States, Mexico, Central America, and much of South America. It occupies forests, woodland edges, brushy areas, and farmland margins, and is also found near some urban areas.

Description and behaviour

White-tailed deer are medium-sized deer with reddish-brown summer coats and grayer winter coats. They are generally crepuscular, becoming most active around dawn and dusk, and use their tail as a visual warning signal when threatened.

Diet and ecology

White-tailed deer are browsers and generalist herbivores, feeding on leaves, twigs, shoots, fruits, nuts, grasses, and other plants. Their adaptability has helped them thrive across many habitats in North and South America.