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Bird-of-paradise

Birds-of-paradise are a family of passerine birds, Paradisaeidae, known for the elaborate plumage and courtship displays of the males.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Birds-of-paradise are a family of passerine birds, Paradisaeidae, known for the elaborate plumage and courtship displays of the males. Most species are found in New Guinea, with others in eastern Australia and the Maluku Islands. The group includes about 42–45 species, depending on classification source.

Taxonomy

Birds-of-paradise belong to the family Paradisaeidae in the order Passeriformes. Different sources give slightly different species totals, reflecting changes in classification and taxonomy.

Distribution and habitat

The family is centred in New Guinea and nearby islands, with additional species in eastern Australia and the Maluku Islands. They live in tropical and montane forest habitats, and some species also use swamps or mangrove areas.

Appearance and behaviour

Males are known for striking plumage, including bright colours, long plumes, and other ornamental feather structures. Many species are famous for elaborate courtship displays used to attract mates.

Ecology and diet

Birds-of-paradise generally feed on fruit and arthropods, though diets vary among species. Their nesting and breeding behaviour also varies, with some species forming leks and others using different mating systems.

Key facts

  • Birds-of-paradise are a family of songbirds within the order Passeriformes.
  • The family is especially known for brightly coloured, ornamental male plumage.
  • Most species are sexually dimorphic, with drabber females.
  • They occur mainly in New Guinea and nearby islands, with some species in northeastern Australia.
  • Courtship behaviour is often complex and may involve dancing or lek displays.

Frequently asked questions

What are birds-of-paradise?
They are a family of passerine birds, Paradisaeidae, known for the elaborate plumage and courtship displays of the males.
Where do birds-of-paradise live?
They are found mainly in New Guinea and nearby islands, with some species in eastern Australia and the Maluku Islands.
How many species are there?
Sources commonly list about 42 to 45 species, depending on classification.
Why are they famous?
They are especially known for the males’ bright plumage and complex mating displays.
What do birds-of-paradise eat?
They mainly eat fruit and arthropods, though diets vary by species.

References

  1. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird-of-paradise
    Supports: Family Paradisaeidae, Passeriformes classification, distribution, and species count estimate.
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/animal/bird-of-paradise
    Supports: Approximate number of species and general description as small to medium-sized forest birds.
  3. PBS Naturehttps://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/birds-of-the-gods-bird-of-paradise-facts/6236/
    Supports: Family classification, species estimate, sexual dimorphism, habitat, diet, and courtship behaviour.
  4. National Geographichttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birds/facts/birds-of-paradise
    Supports: General family description and species count as more than three dozen.