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Catnip

Catnip is a species of mint in the genus *Nepeta*, scientifically known as *Nepeta cataria*.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Catnip is a species of mint in the genus *Nepeta*, scientifically known as *Nepeta cataria*. It is best known for the strong behavioural response it triggers in many cats, caused mainly by the compound nepetalactone. Catnip is also used in herbal products and traditional remedies, and it can be consumed by humans in small amounts.

Description

Catnip (*Nepeta cataria*) is a strong-scented perennial herb in the mint family. It is valued for its aromatic leaves and pale flowers, and it is widely known for its effect on domestic cats and other felids.

Chemical basis of the cat response

The main compound associated with catnip’s effects is nepetalactone, a volatile oil in the plant. When cats smell it, they may show excited or playful behaviour, likely through stimulation of the olfactory system and related brain pathways.

Uses

Catnip has been used as an herbal ingredient and in folk medicine, and it is also sold as a pet product. In humans, it has been used in teas and other preparations, though its effects are much milder than in cats.

Safety and response time

Catnip is generally considered safe for cats when used in moderation, although excessive use can cause upset stomach in some animals. The behavioural effect usually lasts about 5 to 15 minutes, after which the cat typically loses interest for a time.

Key facts

  • Catnip is a mint-family herb, not a synthetic cat product.
  • Its cat-attracting effect is mainly linked to nepetalactone.
  • Many cats respond with sniffing, rubbing, rolling, licking, or chewing, but the response usually lasts only a few minutes.
  • Not all cats respond to catnip; sensitivity varies between individuals.
  • Catnip has also been used in herbal medicine and as an aromatic plant.
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Canadian context

Catnip is widely sold in Canada as a pet product and garden herb, and it is familiar to Canadian cat owners as a common enrichment item.

Frequently asked questions

What is catnip?
Catnip is a mint-family herb, *Nepeta cataria*, known for its strong scent and for producing a distinctive behavioural response in many cats.
How does catnip affect cats?
When cats smell catnip, nepetalactone can trigger behaviours such as sniffing, rubbing, rolling, licking, chewing, and playful excitement.
Is catnip safe for cats?
Catnip is generally safe for cats in moderate amounts. As with any treat or herb, very large amounts may cause mild digestive upset in some cats.
How long does catnip last?
The typical response lasts about 5 to 15 minutes, followed by a period when the cat is no longer responsive for a while.
Can humans eat catnip?
Yes. Humans can consume catnip in small amounts, commonly as an herbal tea or seasoning, although it is much less notable for people than for cats.
Why do cats love catnip?
Cats are attracted to catnip because nepetalactone appears to stimulate sensory receptors and trigger a pleasurable or excited response, though the exact biological reason is not fully settled.

References

  1. Wikipedia — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catnip
    Supports: Scientific name, mint-family classification, nepetalactone, and general cat-attracting effects.
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannica — https://www.britannica.com/plant/catnip
    Supports: Catnip as a mint-family herb and the role of nepetalactone in cat attraction.
  3. Merriam-Webster — https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/catnip
    Supports: Definition of catnip as a strong-scented perennial mint attractive to cats.
  4. PetMD — https://www.petmd.com/cat/general-health/what-is-catnip
    Supports: Catnip effects in cats and safety of cats eating catnip.
  5. Small Door Veterinary — https://www.smalldoorvet.com/learning-center/medical/catnip/
    Supports: Safety information and general behavioural effects in cats.
  6. The Conversation — https://www.theconversation.com/what-actually-is-catnip-and-is-it-safe-for-my-cat-160961
    Supports: Typical duration of response and mechanism involving cat sensory receptors.