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Science & Nature • Mammals

Jaguar

The jaguar (*Panthera onca*) is a large wild cat native to the Americas and the third-largest cat species in the world.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

The jaguar (*Panthera onca*) is a large wild cat native to the Americas and the third-largest cat species in the world. It is a carnivorous mammal known for its powerful build, rosette-patterned coat, and association with forests and wetlands. The species is currently listed as Near Threatened, with populations declining in the wild.

Taxonomy and naming

The jaguar is a felid in the genus *Panthera* and the species *Panthera onca*. The name is derived from an Indigenous South American word, commonly given as meaning “he who kills with one leap.”

Appearance and behaviour

Jaguars are stocky, powerful cats with large heads and short, robust limbs. Their coat is typically yellow-gold with black rosettes, often with central spots. They are solitary carnivores and are known for their strong bite and ability to hunt both on land and in water. Jaguars are strong swimmers and are often associated with rainforests, wetlands, and river systems.

Range and habitat

Historically, jaguars ranged farther north, but today they are found mainly in Central and South America, with the largest populations in the Amazon region. Their habitat includes rainforest, wetlands, and other dense vegetation near water. The species is also found in parts of Mexico.

Conservation

The jaguar is classified as Near Threatened and its numbers are decreasing. Habitat loss, fragmentation, and conflict with humans are major pressures on the species. The conservation status is listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN.

Key facts

  • The jaguar is the largest cat native to the Americas and the third-largest cat species in the world.
  • Its coat is typically yellow-gold with black rosettes with central spots.
  • Jaguars are solitary, strong swimmers, and powerful hunters with a carnivorous diet.
  • The species is listed as Near Threatened, with declining populations due to habitat loss and human conflict.
  • Jaguars are found primarily in Central and South America, with the largest populations in the Amazon.
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Canadian context

Jaguars are not native to Canada, but they are relevant to Canadian readers through zoo conservation programs, wildlife education, and broader interest in North and South American biodiversity.

Frequently asked questions

What is the scientific name of the jaguar?
The scientific name is *Panthera onca*.
Is the jaguar a big cat?
Yes. It is the largest cat native to the Americas and the third-largest cat species overall.
What does a jaguar eat?
Jaguars are carnivores and eat a wide range of animals, including mammals, birds, reptiles, and fish.
Where do jaguars live?
They live mainly in Central and South America, especially in forests and wetlands.
What is the jaguar’s conservation status?
The jaguar is listed as Near Threatened.
How long do jaguars live?
They typically live about 12 to 15 years in the wild.

References

  1. National Geographichttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/jaguar
    Supports: Scientific name, size, diet, lifespan, conservation status, and general species facts.
  2. Britannica Kidshttps://kids.britannica.com/students/article/jaguar/275122
    Supports: Taxonomy, native range, conservation status, and name origin.
  3. San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliancehttps://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/jaguar
    Supports: Lifespan, size, gestation, and species description.
  4. World Animal Protectionhttps://www.worldanimalprotection.org/latest/blogs/facts-about-jaguars/
    Supports: Largest cat in the Americas, habitat associations, and conservation context.