Mule deer

The mule deer (*Odocoileus hemionus*) is a deer species native to western North America.

The mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) is a deer species native to western North America. It is known for its large ears, black-tipped tail, and adaptability to a wide range of habitats. In Canada, mule deer occur in western provinces including British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and parts of the southern boreal or prairie edge.

Description

Mule deer are medium-to-large deer with grey-brown or reddish-brown coats, a white rump patch, and a slender tail with a black tip. Their oversized ears are their most distinctive feature and give the species its common name. Adults are generally larger than white-tailed deer and can weigh around 100 to 300 pounds. Males grow antlers.

Distribution and habitat

The species occurs across much of western North America, from Alaska and western Canada south to Mexico, with a range extending into the Great Plains. Mule deer occupy diverse habitats, including sagebrush steppe, desert scrub, woodland, and mountain areas. In Canada, they are found in parts of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and the southern boreal or prairie edge.

Behaviour and diet

Mule deer are herbivores that feed on a variety of plant matter, including shrubs, grasses, forbs, and tree browse. They browse on leaves, twigs, and other plant material. When alarmed, they often flee with a hopping or bounding movement known as stotting.

Classification and status

The mule deer is a mammal in the family Cervidae and the genus Odocoileus. Its class is Mammalia and order is Artiodactyla. Major references list the species as not globally threatened or as Least Concern.