The Canadian Encyclopedia — neutral, cited, updated
July 26, 2026Sources cited
Canadianwire.
Canada’s encyclopedia & explainer
HomePolitics & WorldMonarchQueen Victoria
Politics & World • Monarch

Queen Victoria

Queen Victoria (born Alexandrina Victoria) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1837 to 1901 and Empress of India from 1876 to 1901.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

Queen Victoria (born Alexandrina Victoria) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1837 to 1901 and Empress of India from 1876 to 1901. Her 63-year reign gave its name to the Victorian era, a period associated with industrial, political, scientific, and imperial expansion in Britain. Her reign also overlapped with Confederation in 1867 and the early expansion of Canada within the British Empire.

Early life

Victoria was born at Kensington Palace in 1819. She was the daughter of Edward, Duke of Kent, and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.

Accession and reign

She became queen in 1837 at age 18 and reigned until 1901. Her long reign is central to British 19th-century history and is the basis for the term Victorian era. She became queen after the death of William IV, and her reign lasted 63 years and 216 days, making her the longest-reigning British monarch until Elizabeth II surpassed her in 2015.

Empress of India

In 1876, Parliament granted Victoria the title Empress of India. This reflected the expansion and consolidation of British imperial power during her reign.

Death and succession

Victoria died on 22 January 1901 at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. Her eldest son, Edward VII, succeeded her.

Key facts

  • She became queen at age 18 after the death of William IV.
  • Her reign lasted 63 years and 216 days, making her the longest-reigning British monarch until Elizabeth II surpassed her in 2015.
  • The term Victorian era refers to the period of her reign.
  • She was granted the additional title Empress of India in 1876.
  • Her reign overlapped with Confederation in 1867 and the early expansion of Canada within the British Empire.
🍁
Canadian context

Victoria’s reign overlapped with Confederation in 1867 and the early expansion of Canada within the British Empire, making her a significant figure in Canadian constitutional and imperial history.

Frequently asked questions

Who was Queen Victoria?
She was the monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1837 to 1901 and Empress of India from 1876 to 1901.
When was Queen Victoria born?
She was born on 24 May 1819 at Kensington Palace in London.
How long did Queen Victoria reign?
She reigned for 63 years and 216 days, one of the longest reigns in British history.
Why is her era called Victorian?
The period of her reign is called the Victorian era and is associated with major industrial, social, political, scientific, and imperial change.
Who succeeded Queen Victoria?
Her son Edward VII succeeded her in 1901.
What was Queen Victoria’s role in the British Empire?
Her reign coincided with major imperial expansion, and she became Empress of India in 1876.

References

  1. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Victoria
    Supports: Birth/death dates, reign dates, Victorian era, empress title, length of reign.
  2. Encyclopaedia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/biography/Victoria-queen-of-United-Kingdom
    Supports: Queen of the United Kingdom and Ireland, Empress of India, birth and death details.
  3. The Royal Familyhttps://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/victoria-r-1837-1901
    Supports: Accession in 1837, reign length, death, succession, imperial context.
  4. Historyhttps://www.history.com/articles/queen-victoria
    Supports: Birth, accession, and coronation details.
  5. Historic Royal Palaceshttps://www.hrp.org.uk/kensington-palace/history-and-stories/queen-victoria/
    Supports: Birthplace, reign length, imperial scale, Victorian period dates.
  6. English Heritagehttps://www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/histories/women-in-history/queen-victoria/
    Supports: Accession at 18, reign length, monarchy's image during change.