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Rhinoceros

A rhinoceros is a large, thick-skinned herbivorous mammal in the family Rhinocerotidae.

By Ethan Anderson| Reviewed by Olivia Bennett, Standards & Fact-Checking Lead| Updated July 26, 2026|2 min read| Fact-checked

A rhinoceros is a large, thick-skinned herbivorous mammal in the family Rhinocerotidae. Living rhinos are found in Africa and Asia, and all five extant species are considered threatened or endangered.

Classification

Rhinoceroses are mammals in the order Perissodactyla and the family Rhinocerotidae. They are the only living family in the superfamily Rhinocerotoidea.

Species and range

Five extant species survive today: black, white, greater one-horned, Javan, and Sumatran rhinoceroses. They occur in parts of Africa and Asia.

Physical characteristics

Rhinoceroses are heavy-bodied, thick-skinned herbivores with one or two horns on the snout and three toes on each foot. Their horns are keratin-based rather than bone.

Conservation status

Rhinos were driven close to extinction in the 20th century by hunting and habitat loss. Current species remain under significant conservation pressure.

Key facts

  • Rhinoceroses are odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae.
  • There are five living species of rhinoceros, two in Africa and three in Asia.
  • All living rhino species are threatened, endangered, or critically endangered.
  • Rhinoceroses have one or two horns made of keratin.
  • The term is often shortened to 'rhino.'
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Canadian context

Rhinoceroses are relevant to Canadian readers through conservation, zoo education, and international wildlife protection efforts involving threatened species.

Frequently asked questions

What is a rhinoceros?
A rhinoceros is a large herbivorous mammal in the family Rhinocerotidae, commonly called a rhino.
How many living species of rhinoceros are there?
There are five living species of rhinoceros.
Where do rhinoceroses live?
Living rhinoceroses are native to parts of Africa and Asia.
Do all rhinoceroses have horns?
Yes. Living rhinoceroses have one or two horns on the snout, depending on the species.
Are rhinoceroses endangered?
Yes. All five living species are threatened or endangered, and some are critically endangered.

References

  1. Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinoceros
    Supports: General classification, common name, living species count, and family placement.
  2. Encyclopedia.comhttps://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/rhinoceroses
    Supports: Physical traits, number of species, and habitat range in Africa and Asia.
  3. Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/animal/rhinoceros-mammal
    Supports: Definition as a family of giant horn-bearing herbivores and summary of species.
  4. Encyclopedia.comhttps://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/rhinoceroses-rhinocerotidae
    Supports: Three toes, horn description, and conservation status by species.
  5. PBS Naturehttps://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/blog/rhinoceros-fact-sheet/
    Supports: Order, family, species list, and the presence of five living species in Africa and Asia.